What area of the brain coordinates voluntary movements, contracting muscles with correct force and at appropriate times?
Cerebellum
With bilateral damage, what nerve can have serious effects on articulation, as the patient may not be able to sufficiently raise the jaw to produce most consonant and vowel phonemes, particularly those requiring lip/tongue movement?
CN V: Trigeminal
Which cranial nerves neurons are closely integrated with CN X?
CN XI: Accessory
Which cranial nerve has 3 branches, each having a special importance for speech production?
CN X: Vagus
Which structure is described as "the doorway" through which subcortical systems of the nervous system communicate with the cerebral cortex?
Thalamus
T or F?: It is believed that the initial planning of a voluntary movement is formulated primarily in the association cortices.
True
T or F?: The primary motor cortex is an actual action commander.
True
The control circuits in the basal ganglia and cerebellum link the association cortex with the ____ ____ _____.
Primary Motor Cortex
The spinal nerves play an important role in speech production because they provide motor innervations for the muscles of _____.
Respiration
Higher cognitive activities, such as language, motor planning, problem solving, and sensory perception are performed in the:
Kyle's Closet
Cerebellum
Brainstem
Cerebral Cortex
Motor planning does NOT:
clean Prof. Seymour's desk for her
involve the basal ganglia
involve the insular cortex
occur before motor programming
A lesion in the left primary motor area can cause:
Right lower facial weakness
It is believed that the _____ has an important role on refining slow/continuous movements whereas the ____ is important for rapid movements and coordinating timing of the movements.
Brainstem; cerebellum
cerebellum; basal ganglia
basal ganglia; cerebellum
Vermiglio; Chermak
The output of the cerebellum is:
more excitatory than inhibitory
more inhibitory than excitatory
Which structure is NOT part of the control circuit?
Cerebellum
Bolus
Basal ganglia
Thalamus
T or F?: CN is considered a LMN or Final common pathway.
TRUE
