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A stretch of language complete in itself and of some considerable extent, dependent on its use in an appropriate context
Text
The process of activation of a text by relating it to a context of use
Discourse
The study of formal meanings, independent of context
Semantics
The meaning of language when it is used in an appropriate context to achieve particular aims
Pragmatics
The study of language in relation to its social context
Discourse analysis
The connection between a text and other texts taken as basic to the creation or interpretation of the text
Intertextuality
What people ‘know about what they can see around them’
Situational context
What people ‘know about each other and the world’
Background knowledge context
What people ‘know about what they have been saying’
Co-textual context
The literal meaning of the actual words (such as ‘It’s hot in here’ referring to the temperature).
The locutionary act
The speaker’s intention in uttering the words.
The illocutionary act
The effect an utterance has on the thoughts or actions of the other person
The perlocutionary act
The communication must be carried out by the right person, in the right place, at the right time and, normally, with a certain intention or it will not ‘work’. What's the concept? Whose?
Felicity conditions (Austin)
The common ground that is assumed to exist between language users such as assumed knowledge of a situation and/or of the world.
Presupposition
We should aim to make our conversational contribution ‘such as is required, at the stage at which it occurs, by the accepted purpose or direction’ of the exchange in which we are engaged.
The cooperative principle
People should only say what they believe to be true and what they have evidence for
The maxim of quality
