The literal meaning of the actual words (such as ‘It’s hot in here’ referring to the temperature).

The effect an utterance has on the thoughts or actions of the other person

The speaker’s intention in uttering the words.

We should be clear in what we say, we should avoid ambiguity or obscurity and we should be brief and orderly in our contribution to the interaction.

The study of language in relation to its social context

The communication must be carried out by the right person, in the right place, at the right time and, normally, with a certain intention or it will not ‘work’. What's the concept? Whose?

What people ‘know about what they have been saying’

The common ground that is assumed to exist between language users such as assumed knowledge of a situation and/or of the world.

We should aim to make our conversational contribution ‘such as is required, at the stage at which it occurs, by the accepted purpose or direction’ of the exchange in which we are engaged.

A stretch of language complete in itself and of some considerable extent, dependent on its use in an appropriate context

What people ‘know about each other and the world’

People should only say what they believe to be true and what they have evidence for