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What are the three parts of a nucleotide
A nucleotide is made of a phosphate group, a deoxyribose sugar, and a nitrogenous base.
What are the four nitrogen bases in DNA?
Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), and Guanine (G).
What are Chargaff’s base pairing rules?
Adenine pairs with Thymine (A=T) and Cytosine pairs with Guanine (C=G).
What does antiparallel mean in DNA?
The two DNA strands run in opposite directions (5’ to 3’ and 3’ to 5’).
Who discovered the double helix structure of DNA?
Franklin, Watson, Crick
When does DNA replication occur?
S phase of Interphase
What enzyme unzips the DNA double helix?
DNA Helicase
What enzyme builds the new DNA strand?
DNA Polymerase
What does semi-conservative replication mean?
Each new DNA molecule contains one original strand and one newly synthesized strand.
Why was Rosalind Franklin’s Photo 51 important?
It provided critical evidence of DNA’s double helix structure.
What are the key differences between DNA and RNA?
DNA is double-stranded, contains deoxyribose sugar, and uses thymine. RNA is single-stranded, contains ribose sugar, and uses uracil instead of thymine.
What are the three types of RNA?
mRNA, rRNA, tRNA
Which RNA carries the genetic code from DNA?
mRNA
Which RNA brings amino acids to the ribosome?
tRNA
What is the central dogma of molecular biology?
DNA-RNA-Protein
What happens during transcription?
DNA is used as a template to create mRNA.
