DNA is double-stranded, contains deoxyribose sugar, and uses thymine. RNA is single-stranded, contains ribose sugar, and uses uracil instead of thymine.
Why are hydrogen bonds important in DNA structure?
Weak hydrogen bonds hold complementary bases together while still allowing the strands to separate during replication and transcription.
Which RNA brings amino acids to the ribosome?
tRNA
What are Chargaff’s base pairing rules?
Adenine pairs with Thymine (A=T) and Cytosine pairs with Guanine (C=G).
What is the role of DNA ligase?
DNA ligase joins fragments together by forming sugar phosphate bonds.
How can a mutation affect a protein?
A mutation can change the amino acid sequence, potentially altering the structure and function of the protein.
What does antiparallel mean in DNA?
The two DNA strands run in opposite directions (5’ to 3’ and 3’ to 5’).
What are the three types of RNA?
mRNA, rRNA, tRNA
What is the central dogma of molecular biology?
DNA-RNA-Protein
Who discovered the double helix structure of DNA?
Franklin, Watson, Crick
Compare purines and pyrimidines.
Purines (adenine and guanine) are double-ring nitrogenous bases, while pyrimidines (cytosine and thymine) are single-ring bases.
What does semi-conservative replication mean?
Each new DNA molecule contains one original strand and one newly synthesized strand.
Predict the percent of adenine if cytosine makes up 20% of a DNA sample.
: If cytosine is 20%, guanine is also 20%. That leaves 60% total for adenine and thymine, so adenine would be 30%.
What happens during translation?
: The ribosome reads mRNA codons and assembles amino acids into a protein.
What are the three parts of a nucleotide
A nucleotide is made of a phosphate group, a deoxyribose sugar, and a nitrogenous base.
What happens during transcription?
DNA is used as a template to create mRNA.
Which RNA carries the genetic code from DNA?
mRNA
What is a codon?
A three-base sequence on mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid.
What are the four nitrogen bases in DNA?
Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), and Guanine (G).
Where does transcription take place?
Nucleus
Where does translation take place?
Ribosome
What enzyme builds the new DNA strand?
DNA Polymerase
Compare the leading and lagging strands.
The leading strand is synthesized continuously toward the replication fork, while the lagging strand is synthesized discontinuously away from the fork as Okazak
What enzyme unzips the DNA double helix?
DNA Helicase
When does DNA replication occur?
S phase of Interphase
Why was Rosalind Franklin’s Photo 51 important?
It provided critical evidence of DNA’s double helix structure.
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