Adenine pairs with Thymine (A=T) and Cytosine pairs with Guanine (C=G).
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15
Compare the leading and lagging strands.
The leading strand is synthesized continuously toward the replication fork, while the lagging strand is synthesized discontinuously away from the fork as Okazak
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15
How can a mutation affect a protein?
A mutation can change the amino acid sequence, potentially altering the structure and function of the protein.
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What does semi-conservative replication mean?
Each new DNA molecule contains one original strand and one newly synthesized strand.
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What happens during translation?
: The ribosome reads mRNA codons and assembles amino acids into a protein.
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What are the three parts of a nucleotide
A nucleotide is made of a phosphate group, a deoxyribose sugar, and a nitrogenous base.
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What is the central dogma of molecular biology?
DNA-RNA-Protein
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Why was Rosalind Franklinโs Photo 51 important?
It provided critical evidence of DNAโs double helix structure.
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15
Predict the percent of adenine if cytosine makes up 20% of a DNA sample.
: If cytosine is 20%, guanine is also 20%. That leaves 60% total for adenine and thymine, so adenine would be 30%.
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15
What are the key differences between DNA and RNA?
DNA is double-stranded, contains deoxyribose sugar, and uses thymine. RNA is single-stranded, contains ribose sugar, and uses uracil instead of thymine.
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15
Why are hydrogen bonds important in DNA structure?
Weak hydrogen bonds hold complementary bases together while still allowing the strands to separate during replication and transcription.