Study

The Respiratory System

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  • What is the amount of air that can be inspired forcibly beyond the tidal volume?
    Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)
  • What law states that the total pressure exerted by mixture of gases is equal to sum of partial pressures exerted by each gas?
    Dalton's law
  • Flow of gases into and out of alveoli over time
    Alveolar ventilation rate (AVR)
  • What is anatomical dead space?
    Does not contribute to gas exchange. Consists of air that remains in passageways; ~150 ml out of 500 ml TV
  • Damage to the lung from rapid or excessive pressure changes describes what condition?
    Pulmonary barotrauma
  • What is Functional residual capacity (FRC)?
    sum of RV + ERV
  • What is Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)?
    amount of air that can be forcibly expelled from lungs
  • Total amount of gas that flows in/out of respiratory tract in 1 minute
    Minute ventilation
  • What is Vital capacity (VC)?
    sum of TV + IRV + ERV
  • The body’s detergent-like lipid and protein complex that helps reduce surface tension of alveolar fluid.
    Surfactant
  • What capacity is the sum of TV + IRV?
    Inspiratory capacity (IC)
  • What is a spirometer?
    Apparatus which is often used to measure the volume of air exchange
  • What is Tidal Volume (TV)?
    Amount of air moved into and out of lung with each breath. Averages ~500ml
  • What is total dead space?
    sum of anatomical and alveolar dead space
  • What law states that when a gas is in contact with a liquid, the gas will dissolve in the liquid in proportion to its partial pressure?
    Henry's law
  • What is space occupied by nonfunctional alveoli? Can be due to collapse or obstruction.
    Alveolar dead space
  • What is residual volume (RV)?
    Amount of air that always remains in lungs. Needed to keep alveoli open
  • What is decompression sickness? ("the bends")
    occurs when a diver is submerged in water beyond a certain depth and returns too quickly to the surface
  • What capacity is the sum of all lung volumes (TV + IRV+ ERV + RV)?
    Total Lung Capacity (TLC)
  • What is partial pressure?
    Pressure exerted by each gas in mixture. Is directly proportional to its percentage in mixture
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