Formulaic and Creative Speech

More responsible for fluency

Within Formulaic speech, ... are partly “creative” and partly memorized wholes

Learners may produce an utterance they have learned, knowing its function but not its structure.

They consist of sentence frames with an open “slot” for a word or phrase.

Learners use mainly their left hemisphere to store it

These memorised wholes may be used without knowledge at all of their internal structure.

Needs more processing time

… is made up of rules that constitute the learner’s interlanguage system and which account for the ‘natural’ sequence of development

… consists of routines and patterns

....involves the use of formulas that are tied to communicative goals.

Learners construct the utterance using their learnt knowledge.

More responsible for accuracy over fluency

Mainly used to allow social interaction with a minimum of linguistic competence

… is the product of L2 rules. These rules permit the L2 learner to produce entirely novel sentences

.... consists of expressions which are learned as unanalysable wholes

Within formulaic speech, ....are memorized whole utterances or phrases .

Learners use each chunk learned for each particular communicative goal.