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BIOTECH GREEK AND LATIN WORDS: EXAMPLES

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  • ligase
    an enzyme that brings about the ligation or joining of DNA or another substance
  • phenotype
    the set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment
  • hydrophilic
    having a tendency to mix with, dissolve in, or be wetted by water
  • cytoplasm
    the jelly-like substance filling a cell
  • pathogenic
    causing or capable of producing disease
  • karyotype
    the number and visual appearance of the chromosomes in the cell nuclei
  • prokaryote
    a microscopic single-celled organism that has neither a distinct nucleus with a membrane nor other specialized organelles
  • glycolysis
    the breakdown of glucose by enzymes
  • endonuclease
    an enzyme that cleaves a polynucleotide chain by separating nucleotides internally
  • chromosome
    a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein carrying genetic information
  • transgenic
    containing genetic material into which DNA from an unrelated organism has been artificially introduced
  • genome
    the complete set of genes or genetic material present in a cell or organism
  • heterozygous
    having two different alleles of a particular gene
  • morphogenesis
    the biological process that causes a cell, tissue or organism to develop its shape
  • exocytosis
    a process by which the contents of a cell vacuole are released to the exterior
  • bacteriophage
    a virus that parasitizes a bacterium by infecting it
  • genomics
    the branch of molecular biology concerned with the structure, function, evolution, and mapping of genomes
  • polymerase
    an enzyme that synthesizes long chains of polymers or nucleic acids
  • oligonucleotide
    a polynucleotide whose molecules contain a relatively small number of nucleotides
  • homozygous
    having two identical alleles of a particular gene
  • chromatin
    the material of which the chromosomes of organisms other than bacteria are composed
  • diploid
    containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent
  • eukaryote
    an organism consisting of a cell or cells in which the genetic material is DNA in the form of chromosomes contained within a distinct nucleus
  • monomer
    a molecule that can be bonded to other identical molecules to form a polymer
  • hydrophobic
    tending to repel or fail to mix with water
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