The author lists items or events in chronological order or presents the reader with step-by-step directions
Sequence
A hurricane is a large storm with heavy winds and rain that begins in the ocean and builds up strength as it moves across the water. A tornado is a storm that develops on land, with no warning, and moves in a circular motion with heavy...
Compare & Contrast
Deep underground is a magma chamber. The magma chamber is under the bedrock of the earth’s crust. The conduit or pipe runs from the magma chamber to the top of the volcano. The conduit connects the magma chamber to the surface...
Description
first, second third, before, on (date), not long after, after that, next, at the same time, finally, then
Sequence
look for a series of events or steps of a process when trying to identify
sequence
There are many theories about why the dinosaurs vanished from the planet. One theory that many people believe is that a gigantic meteorite smashed into the Earth. Scientists believe that the meteorite was very big and that the impact...
Cause & Effect
propose, conclude, an answer for, the reason for
Problem & Solution
Many people still believe in the brontosaurus today, but the “brontosaurus” is actually not a real species. Had more people thought critically, this mistake would not have happened. That is why more research is so important.
Problem & Solution
The author presents ideas, events, or facts as a ________ and what happens as a result.
Cause & Effect
Linux and Windows are both operating systems. Computers use them to run programs. Linux is totally free and open source, so users can improve or otherwise modify the source code. Windows is proprietary, so it costs money to use...
Compare & Contrast
Thousands die each year in car accidents involving drugs or alcohol. Lives could be saved if our town adopts a free public taxi service. By providing such a service, we could prevent intoxicated drivers from endangering others.
Problem & Solution
When I got home from school after a long boring day, I took out the peanut butter, jelly, and bread. After taking the lid off of the jars, I spread the peanut butter on one side of the bread and the jelly on the other, and then...
Sequence
The dodo bird used to roam in large flocks across America. Interestingly, the dodo wasn’t startled by gun shot. Because of this, frontiersmen would kill entire flocks in one sitting. Unable to sustain these attacks, the dodo was hunted
Cause & Effect
Like, unlike, but, in contrast, on the other hand, however, both, also, too, while, as opposed to, yet, rather, same
Compare & Contrast
look for event descriptions followed by event result descriptions when trying to identify...
cause & effect
The author provides a detailed _________ to give the reader a mental picture
Description
Tsunamis are very long waves in the ocean, sometimes hundreds of miles long. Tsunamis usually start suddenly. They may begin as normal waves and change to big waves very quickly. After this change...
Sequence
The author provides information about the similarities and difference between two or more people, events, ideas, objects, etc.
Compare & Contrast
look for similarities & differences when trying to identify...
Compare & Contrast
look for an issue being described and one more answers to that issue when trying to identify....
Problem & Solution
Fire needs three things to burn: oxygen, fuel, and heat. Fuels can be wood, tinder, coal, or any other substance that will easily oxidize. Therefore, a fire can be stopped in three different ways, by removing any of the three things...
Cause & Effect
When a river receives a lot of extra water it may flood.You can prepare for flooding by filling many containers with fresh clean drinking water. You can also use sandbags to protect your house and to soak up the water.
Problem & Solution
Dinosaurs existed about 250 million years ago to 65 million years ago. This era is broken up into three periods known as the Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous periods. The Triassic Period lasted for 35 million years from 250-205 million...
Sequence
The athour presents a ________ and explains one or more ________ to that issue.
Problem & Solution
look for bullet points, lists of characteristics, and specific details when trying to identify....
Description
All matter, all things can be changed in two ways: chemically and physically. Both chemical and physical changes affect the state of matter. Physical changes are those that do not change the make-up or identity of the matter. For example...
Compare & Contrast
When you walk into my bedroom there is a window facing you. To the right of that is a dresser and television and on the other side of the window is my bed...
Description
such as, for example, for instance, most importantly, in front, beside, near
Description
The ability of a building to withstand the stress of an earthquake depends upon its type of construction, shape, mass distribution, and rigidity. Different combinations are used. To reduce stress, first, the building's ground floor must...
Sequence
Avalanches (when a lot of snow falls from a mountain) may bury people under them. If the people are not found rapidly enough by rescue teams they will die of suffocation...
Cause & Effect
Dr. Miller doesn’t want the tigers to vanish. These majestic beasts are disappearing at an alarming rate. Dr. Miller thinks that we should write to our congress people. If we let them know that we demand the preservation of this species...
Problem & Solution
Many people are confused about why our economy went to shambles in 2008. The crisis was actually the result of a combination of many complex factors. First...
Cause & Effect
Therefor, so, this led to, as a result, because, if...then
Cause & Effect
The Cretaceous Period was filled with dangerous predators, but two of the most feared hunters were the tyrannosaurs rex and the velociraptor. The tyrannosaurs rex was one of the largest carnivores to ever walk the Earth. He was 20 ft..
Compare & Contrast
Lightning and thunder are related events. Lightning is a sudden, violent flash of electricity that occurs between a cloud and the ground or between two clouds in the sky...then Thunder is heard.
Cause & Effect
Some countries, such as Japan, or parts of a country, like California in the United States, have a lot of earthquakes. In these places it is a good practice to build houses and other buildings so they will not collapse when there is...
Problem & Solution
Hurricane Katrina began as Tropical Depression Twelve over the southeastern Bahamas on August 23, 2005. The depression later strengthened into a tropical storm on the morning of August 24 where the storm was also named Katrina.
Sequence
The surface of the Earth is divided into pieces called “tectonic plates.” These plates move. When the plates rub against each other, they do not move smoothly. When the plates do not move smoothly, earthquakes result.
Cause & Effect
Eating cereal is easy. First, get out your materials. Next, pour your cereal in the bowl, add milk, and enjoy.
Sequence
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