What is imperialism?
When strong countries control weaker ones.
Name one resource Africa was rich in
Gold, ivory, or salt
What trade route connected Africa to the Middle East?
Trans‑Saharan trade route.
Name one powerful African empire before imperialism
Ghana, Mali, Songhai, or Axum
What is a sphere of influence?
Area where a country has special trade rights.
What happened if workers did not meet rubber quotas?
Their hands were cut off.
Which country made Cuba a protectorate after the Spanish‑American War?
United States.
What rule said Europeans had to show control to claim land?
Effective occupation
What resource became most valuable in Congo in the 1890s?
Rubber.
What is colonization?
Direct control with settlers and laws.
When did imperialism reach its peak?
Late 1800s and early 1900s
In what year was the Berlin Conference held?
1884.
What is a protectorate?
A weaker nation under protection and guidance of a stronger one.
Name one way imperialist powers controlled other lands.
Colonies, protectorates, or spheres of influence.
What was the main goal of imperialism?
Political, economic, and cultural power.
About how many Congolese died under Leopold’s rule?
Around 10 million.
What African territory did Leopold II control?
Congo Free State
Which country colonized India?
Britain.
Who was King of Belgium from 1865 to 1909?
Leopold II.