What is imperialism?
When strong countries control weaker ones.
When did imperialism reach its peak?
Late 1800s and early 1900s
Name one way imperialist powers controlled other lands.
Colonies, protectorates, or spheres of influence.
What was the main goal of imperialism?
Political, economic, and cultural power.
What is colonization?
Direct control with settlers and laws.
Which country colonized India?
Britain.
What is a protectorate?
A weaker nation under protection and guidance of a stronger one.
Which country made Cuba a protectorate after the Spanish‑American War?
United States.
What is a sphere of influence?
Area where a country has special trade rights.
Name one powerful African empire before imperialism
Ghana, Mali, Songhai, or Axum
What trade route connected Africa to the Middle East?
Trans‑Saharan trade route.
Name one resource Africa was rich in
Gold, ivory, or salt
Who was King of Belgium from 1865 to 1909?
Leopold II.
What African territory did Leopold II control?
Congo Free State
What resource became most valuable in Congo in the 1890s?
Rubber.
What happened if workers did not meet rubber quotas?
Their hands were cut off.
