Logic

A judgment is a form of thought in which something is affirmed or denied about objects, their properties, or their relations

A concept is a thought that reflects an object by its essential characteristics

Economic thinking is the ability to understand economic processes and use logical reasoning to make economic decisions.

Two contradictory statements cannot both be true at the same time and in the same sense.

Deduction is reasoning that moves from general knowledge to particular conclusions, giving a certain (reliable) result

Analogy is an inference where similarity in some features leads to the assumption of similarity in others

Concept, judgment, and inference.

Concepts are formed through comparison, analysis, synthesis, abstraction, and generalization

Any true statement must have a sufficient and adequate basis.

The law of identity, the law of non-contradiction, the law of excluded middle, and the law of sufficient reason.

Induction is reasoning that moves from particular facts to general conclusions, giving a probable result.

Logic is the science that studies the laws and forms of correct thinking

An inference is a logical operation in which a new judgment is derived from one or more other judgments

A syllogism is a deductive inference consisting of two premises and a conclusion, connected by a middle term.

Deductive, inductive, and analogical