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What is logic?
Logic is the science that studies the laws and forms of correct thinking
What are the three basic logical forms of thinking?
Concept, judgment, and inference.
What is a concept?
A concept is a thought that reflects an object by its essential characteristics
On what basis are concepts formed?
Concepts are formed through comparison, analysis, synthesis, abstraction, and generalization
What is a judgment?
A judgment is a form of thought in which something is affirmed or denied about objects, their properties, or their relations
What is an inference?
An inference is a logical operation in which a new judgment is derived from one or more other judgments
What are the three main types of inferences?
Deductive, inductive, and analogical
What is deduction?
Deduction is reasoning that moves from general knowledge to particular conclusions, giving a certain (reliable) result
What is induction?
Induction is reasoning that moves from particular facts to general conclusions, giving a probable result.
What is analogy?
Analogy is an inference where similarity in some features leads to the assumption of similarity in others
What is a syllogism?
A syllogism is a deductive inference consisting of two premises and a conclusion, connected by a middle term.
Name the four fundamental laws of logic.
The law of identity, the law of non-contradiction, the law of excluded middle, and the law of sufficient reason.
What does the law of non-contradiction state?
Two contradictory statements cannot both be true at the same time and in the same sense.
What does the law of sufficient reason mean?
Any true statement must have a sufficient and adequate basis.
What is economic thinking?
Economic thinking is the ability to understand economic processes and use logical reasoning to make economic decisions.
