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Modern Philosophy

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  • Which tradition claims that intellect and logic are superior sources of knowledge?
    Rationalism
  • Who is known for distinguishing primary from secondary qualities?
    Locke
  • Which empiricist denied material substance and emphasized perception?
    Berkeley
  • Who distinguished between “truths of reason” and “truths of fact”?
    Leibniz
  • Who emphasized observation and experimentation as the basis of knowledge?
    Bacon
  • Which rationalist declared, “I think, therefore I am”?
    Descartes
  • Which scientist-philosopher symbolized the rise of rationality and physics in this era?
    Newton
  • Who is famous for methodological doubt?
    Descartes
  • Which tradition argues that knowledge arises primarily from sense experience?
    Empiricism
  • Which philosopher is connected with the shift toward toleration and natural rights?
    Locke
  • Name the thinker who introduced the concept of “monads.”
    Leibniz
  • Who believed the universe is one substance, often seen as pantheism?
    Spinoza
  • Which philosopher saw the world mainly as matter and motion?
    Hobbes
  • Who argued that all ideas come from sensation and reflection?
    Locke
  • Which philosopher promoted the scientific method using “tables of discovery”?
    Bacon
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