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Which philosopher promoted the scientific method using “tables of discovery”?
Bacon
Who argued that all ideas come from sensation and reflection?
Locke
Which rationalist declared, “I think, therefore I am”?
Descartes
Who believed the universe is one substance, often seen as pantheism?
Spinoza
Which empiricist denied material substance and emphasized perception?
Berkeley
Who distinguished between “truths of reason” and “truths of fact”?
Leibniz
Which philosopher saw the world mainly as matter and motion?
Hobbes
Name the thinker who introduced the concept of “monads.”
Leibniz
Which scientist-philosopher symbolized the rise of rationality and physics in this era?
Newton
Who emphasized observation and experimentation as the basis of knowledge?
Bacon
Which philosopher is connected with the shift toward toleration and natural rights?
Locke
Who is famous for methodological doubt?
Descartes
Which tradition argues that knowledge arises primarily from sense experience?
Empiricism
Which tradition claims that intellect and logic are superior sources of knowledge?
Rationalism
Who is known for distinguishing primary from secondary qualities?
Locke
