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Chemistry of Life

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  • What are the polymers of proteins?
    Peptides or Polypeptides
  • What are the monomers of simple sugars? (ex: glucose and fructose)
    Monosaccharides
  • If a brick house is the "polymer", what is the "monomer"?
    Bricks
  • Which type of lipid is mainly used for covering and protection?
    Waxes
  • Chains of fatty acids that have double bonds are ______________. (liquid)
    Unsaturated
  • The __________ ____________ is where the substrate bonds to the enzyme.
    Active site
  • What three elements make up carbohydrates?
    Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
  • __________ are the proteins that catalyze the rate of a chemical reaction.
    Enzymes
  • Which type of lipid are cholesterol and sex hormones?
    Steroids
  • A larger molecule made of monomers.
    Polymers
  • What is the most common steroid in the body?
    Cholesterol
  • What are the four nitrogen bases?
    Adenine, Cytosine, Thymine, Guanine
  • Can you reuse an enzyme?
    Yes
  • All living things contain ___________ compounds.
    Organic
  • Once the substrate and enzyme bond, it becomes the ____________-____________ _______________.
    Enzyme-Substrate Complex
  • What two elements do all organic compounds have to have?
    Carbon and Hydrogen
  • What two factors affect enzyme productivity?
    Temperature, pH
  • What are the two functions of nucleic acids?
    Contain genetic information, Store energy
  • ______________ structure refers to the sequence of amino acids that make up a protein.
    Primary
  • ___________ compounds are NOT carbon based (NaCl).
    Inorganic
  • Which of our four macromolecules are insoluble?
    Lipids
  • The __________ is the molecule that attaches to an enzyme's active site.
    Substrate
  • What are the monomers of lipids?
    Fatty acid chains, Glycerol
  • Can you reuse a substrate?
    No
  • _____________ structure refers to the general 3D structure of a protein.
    Tertiary
  • _______________ ____________ is the energy that chemicals need to begin a reaction.
    Activation energy
  • ___________ are the chemicals that are formed as a result of a chemical reaction.
    Products
  • _____________ structure refers to multiple peptide chains tangled into one functioning unit.
    Quaternary
  • After the chemical reaction, the __________ is released from the enzyme.
    Product
  • What is the monomer of proteins?
    Amino acids
  • Enzymes speed up reactions by ____________ the amount of ____________ energy.
    Decreasing, Activation
  • How many nucleotides are there?
    Four
  • Enzymes and substrates are _________ to each other.
    Specific
  • Which type of lipid is used for energy storage, insulation, and protection?
    Fats/oils
  • What is the ratio of carbon to hydrogen to oxygen in a carbohydrate?
    1:2:1
  • What are the four elements that make up an amino acid?
    Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen
  • ___________ link together to form ___________.
    Monomers, Polymers
  • What are two monosaccharides combined? (ex: sucrose and lactose)
    Disaccharides
  • To catalyze means to __________ ________ a reaction.
    Speed up
  • What are polymers of monosaccharides? (ex: starch and glycogen)
    Polysaccharides
  • _______ means one.
    Mono-
  • What are the three monomers of nucleic acids?
    Sugar, Phosphate, Nitrogen base
  • Sugar is an example of which macromolecule?
    Carbohydrate
  • What are the four macromolecules?
    Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids
  • Name the 6 elements that make up all organic compounds.
    SPONCH (Sulfur, Phosphorous, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Carbon, Hydrogen)
  • Most enzymes end in -___.
    -ase
  • What two nucleic acids store genetic information?
    DNA, RNA
  • What is the molecular formula for glucose?
    C6H12O6
  • What are the four types of lipids?
    Fats/oils, Waxes, Phospholipids, Steroids
  • ____________ means insoluble in water.
    Hydrophobic
  • _______ means big.
    Macro-
  • Is olive oil a saturated or unsaturated fat?
    Unsaturated
  • Is butter a saturated or unsaturated fat?
    Saturated
  • What are the two parts of a chemical reaction?
    Reactants, Products
  • The building blocks of macromolecules.
    Monomers
  • _____________ structure refers to the folding pattern of a protein. (helix or sheet)
    Secondary
  • Which type of lipid is an important structural component of the cell membrane?
    Phospholipids
  • __________ are reusable.
    Enzymes
  • ______ means many.
    Poly-
  • What are the monomers of nucleic acids?
    Nucleotides
  • Chains of fatty acids that have single bonds are ______________. (solid)
    Saturated
  • ___________ are the chemicals that participate in a chemical reaction.
    Reactants
  • The enzyme has to ___________ __________ slightly to make a more secure bond with the substrate.
    Change shape
  • Which nucleic acid stores energy?
    ATP
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