Study

First Aid; Medical Emergencies

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  • A friend is feeling faint. What position should he be placed in?
    sit and put head down between knees or flat on back (can also elevate legs)
  • Name 3 signs/symptoms of a person having a heart attack
    chest pain, dyspnea, tachycardia, excessive sweating, nausea, light headedness
  • You provide first aid to a victim. In general, you may not share information about the victim with anyone. Give one example of when you MAY share confidential information.
    Need to know basis (other EMTs, nurses, etc...); when required by law
  • What law protects first aid providers (not professionals) from being sued?
    Good Samaritan Law
  • You suspect that an individual is having a stroke. What should you do?
    call 911; make sure that scene is safe
  • How should you dispose of an epi-pen after using it?
    sharps container or give it to EMS personnel for disposal
  • What does the mnemonic FAST stand for in terms of recognizing signs/symptoms of a stroke.
    Face, Arm, Speech, Time
  • Who see a person who you believe needs first aid care. The person refuses your help. What can you do?
    Call 911; stay near in case person collapses (then you can treat)
  • You are bitten by a dog and it breaks your skin. How should you treat this?
    wash with soap and water, control bleeding, apply dressing, apply ice
  • A soccer player turns his ankle and is complaining of pain. You can use the mnemonic RICE to help you remember how to care for this injury. What does RICE stand for?
    Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation
  • What over the counter medication should be given if you suspect that a person is having a heart attack?
    aspirin
  • Name 3 signs/symptoms of a person experiencing shock
    weak, faint, dizzy, feel nauseated, or thirsty, pale/graying skin, cyanosis, altered LOC, confusion/agitation, skin cold and clammy, low urine output
  • A boy has a nail sticking out of his arm. You call 911. What else should you do?
    Don't remove the nail, control bleeding by applying pressure with gauze around the nail.
  • A man is having a seizure. You have called 911. What else should you do to help him?
    remove objects which may injure him, protect head
  • A victim has a laceration to a finer and is bleeding. You apply pressure to the wound. The bleeding continues. what should you do?
    Apply more gauze and pressure- do not remove the original gauze
  • What medication is used to treat a severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis)?
    epinephrine
  • A girl suffers a traumatic amputation of her finger. What should you do with the amputated finger?
    gently rinse, wrap in gauze, place in bag, place bag in another bag with ice/water, label bag
  • In general, you should not move an injured person. Give one example when you SHOULD move a victim
    if scene is dangerous, if you need to do so to give care
  • A girl gets a concussion when playing softball. When can she resume her normal activities?
    When cleared by a physician
  • How should you dispose of bloody gloves and bandages?
    put in red, biohazard bag (or follow your institution's policies)
  • Name 3 signs/symptoms of a severe allergic reaction
    difficulty breathing, swelling of tongue/lips, low BP, loss of consciousness (sneezing, itching, and hives are signs of a mild reaction)
  • If a person gets a burn on the face or hands, immediately apply burn cream to prevent infection. True of False?
    False- you must cool the burn first
  • A hiker has frostbite on his hand. After removing the victim from the cold environment, how should you warm the hand?
    place in warm (not hot) water. Warm is slightly warmer than body temp.
  • You are at the beach and are stung by a jelly fish. You should rinse the area with hot water and/or vinegar. True/false
    true
  • A woman burns her arm on her curling iron. What should she do to control pain from the burn?
    run it under cold (not ice cold) water
  • An adult's tooth is knocked out. What should you do with the tooth before bringing it to the dentist?
    If you can, place the tooth back into the socket.  Or you can wrap in plastic wrap; put in saliva, cow's milk, or oral rehydration salt solutions
  • Describe where on the body that an epinephrine auto-injection (epi-pen) should be used.
    outer thigh, midway between hip and knee
  • What 2 directions should you give to a person with epistaxis?
    tilt head forward, pinch nostrils
  • Which condition is most serious?
    heat exhaustion
    heat cramps
    heat stroke
  • What type of bite should never be treated with ice?
    snake bite
  • Name 2 types of PPE
    mask, gloves, goggles, face shield, gown
  • A man suffers a traumatic amputation of his arm. He is hemorrhaging and you need to use a tourniquet. Where should you place the tourniquet
    About 2 inches above the bleeding area (but never over a joint)
  • This medical emergency occurs when blood flow to the brain is interrupted (either due to a clot or hemorrhage)
    stroke (CVA)
  • How do you relieve a foreign-body airway obstruction in a conscious adult victim?
    5 back slaps alternating with 5 abdominal thrusts
  • You are stung by a bee. How should you remove the stinger?
    With the dull edge of a card
  • Name 2 signs/symptoms that somebody is in cardiac arrest
    unconscious, no pulse, no breathing (or only gasps)
  • What is the first thing that you should do to control bleeding?
    apply direct pressure to the bleeding area