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11.1 USHG - Colonial Foundations

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  • What was the purpose of the Maryland Toleration Act?
    To allow colonists to choose governors
    To prohibit slavery in Maryland
    To grant religious freedom to Christians
    To establish a national religion
  • Why is this colonial era considered foundational to later U.S. development?
    It prevented all future foreign wars
    It marked the end of British control
    It introduced the federal system
    It established long-lasting patterns for the US
  • The main goal of the Navigation Acts was to
    Control colonial trade to benefit Britain
    Increase exports to France
    Make colonists form a new government
    Reduce taxes on imported goods
  • During salutary neglect, colonists
    Declared independence
    Elected kings
    Governed themselves with little British interference
    Lost all freedoms
  • Triangular Trade involved the exchange of
    Land, workers, and elections
    Enslaved Africans, raw materials, and finished goods
    Textiles, guns, and horses
    Gold, silver, and food
  • Slavery developed into a racial institution partly due to
    Intermarriage among settlers
    Religious reform movements
    Decreased need for labor
    Laws that defined enslaved status by race
  • The Middle Colonies were especially known for their
    Reliance on strict church laws
    Cotton exports and slave codes
    Diversity in religion and economy
    Ties to the French crown
  • Regional economic differences among the colonies were mostly due to
    Native population density
    Geographic location and natural resources
    Colonial loyalty to Britain
    Differences in religious beliefs
  • What caused planters to shift from indentured servants to enslaved labor?
    Religious pressure from Puritans
    Decrease in demand for tobacco
    Encouragement from the British king
    Fear of rebellion after events like Bacon’s Rebellion
  • Why did early settlers in Jamestown struggle to survive?
    Harsh winters and few rivers
    Conflict with Spanish soldiers
    Lack of land ownership laws
    Poor planning and lack of food production
  • Rhode Island was established to promote
    Trade with indigenous peoples
    Military alliances with Spain
    Religious freedom and separation of church and state
    Plantation-based farming
  • Spanish colonization in the Americas was characterized by
    Mission systems and forced native labor
    Government-funded schools for natives
    Minimal interaction with local populations
    Peaceful trading relationships
  • John Locke’s ideas supported
    A hereditary class system
    Military control of politics
    Protection of monarchs
    Natural rights and the consent of the governed
  • Mercantilism is the idea that
    Manufacturing should be banned in colonies
    Colonies exist to benefit the their mother country
    Governments should not interfere in trade
    All nations trade freely with each other
  • The region with the greatest reliance on enslaved African labor was
    New England colonies
    Southern colonies
    Northern port cities
    Western frontier
  • Indentured servants were brought to Virginia primarily to
    Assist in government administration
    Trade with Native Americans
    Provide needed labor for cash crop farms
    Build colonial roads and towns
  • Which colony was founded partly as a refuge for Catholics?
    New York
    Maryland
    Delaware
    South Carolina
  • New England town meetings were important because they
    Expanded British rule in the colonies
    Allowed citizens to participate in local government
    Introduced plantation democracy
    Banned dissenting opinions
  • French colonial efforts in North America focused mostly on
    Importing enslaved labor from Africa
    Establishing large cities along rivers
    Cotton plantations and cash crops
    Fur trading and alliances with native tribes
  • Puritans created strict religious rules in which colony?
    Georgia
    Massachusetts Bay
    New Jersey
    Pennsylvania
  • The Middle Passage was
    A canal built to cross Africa
    The brutal ocean journey endured by enslaved Africans
    A plan to reform European trade
    A route to the American frontier
  • What did the Quakers of Pennsylvania believe in?
    Slavery and social hierarchy
    Separation from all non-Christians
    Military conquest of land
    Equality, religious tolerance, and pacifism
  • The Mayflower Compact is an example of
    An agreement for self-governance among settlers
    A document banning dissenters
    A colonial constitution
    A British military treaty
  • The Southern Colonies developed economies based on
    Exporting iron and steel goods
    Large-scale agriculture and plantation systems
    Trading fur and pelts
    Shipbuilding and fishing
  • The Great Awakening influenced the colonies by
    Ending slavery in the Southern Colonies
    Expanding Catholic influence into New England
    Promoting trade with France for the Colonies
    Encouraging religious enthusiasm and questioning authority
  • What was the main reason Britain practiced salutary neglect?
    To expand slavery in the North
    To allow colonies to prosper while Britain dealt with Europe
    To strengthen the Catholic Church
    To punish rebellious colonists
  • What British political idea helped shape colonial governments?
    Absolute monarchy
    Centralized church rule
    Military control of civilians
    Representative assemblies and individual rights
  • Most colonial governments featured
    Direct voting on every law
    A governor appointed by the king and an elected assembly
    Elected monarchs and royal councils
    Tribal chiefs and European ministers
  • The Dutch in New Netherland were known for
    Military conquest of English colonies
    Farming-based settlements
    Strict religious laws
    Tolerance and economic-focused colonization
  • How did the Magna Carta influence American colonists?
    It promoted ideas of limited government and legal rights
    It removed royal governors
    It guaranteed economic success
    It established tax laws in colonies
  • The Virginia House of Burgesses is significant as
    A religious court for Puritans
    The colony’s first public school system
    A trading alliance with natives
    The first elected legislative body in America
  • What was a major consequence of European colonization for Native American populations?
    Equal trade partnerships with settlers
    Universal adoption of European culture
    Massive population loss due to disease and warfare
    Expansion of tribal lands and influence
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