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11.1 USHG - Colonial Foundations

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  • Spanish colonization in the Americas was characterized by
    Government-funded schools for natives
    Minimal interaction with local populations
    Mission systems and forced native labor
    Peaceful trading relationships
  • The region with the greatest reliance on enslaved African labor was
    New England colonies
    Western frontier
    Southern colonies
    Northern port cities
  • Puritans created strict religious rules in which colony?
    New Jersey
    Massachusetts Bay
    Pennsylvania
    Georgia
  • Slavery developed into a racial institution partly due to
    Intermarriage among settlers
    Laws that defined enslaved status by race
    Religious reform movements
    Decreased need for labor
  • Indentured servants were brought to Virginia primarily to
    Build colonial roads and towns
    Provide needed labor for cash crop farms
    Assist in government administration
    Trade with Native Americans
  • The Southern Colonies developed economies based on
    Large-scale agriculture and plantation systems
    Shipbuilding and fishing
    Trading fur and pelts
    Exporting iron and steel goods
  • The Middle Colonies were especially known for their
    Cotton exports and slave codes
    Reliance on strict church laws
    Ties to the French crown
    Diversity in religion and economy
  • The Middle Passage was
    A plan to reform European trade
    The brutal ocean journey endured by enslaved Africans
    A route to the American frontier
    A canal built to cross Africa
  • During salutary neglect, colonists
    Elected kings
    Governed themselves with little British interference
    Declared independence
    Lost all freedoms
  • What was a major consequence of European colonization for Native American populations?
    Universal adoption of European culture
    Expansion of tribal lands and influence
    Equal trade partnerships with settlers
    Massive population loss due to disease and warfare
  • How did the Magna Carta influence American colonists?
    It guaranteed economic success
    It removed royal governors
    It promoted ideas of limited government and legal rights
    It established tax laws in colonies
  • Which colony was founded partly as a refuge for Catholics?
    Delaware
    Maryland
    South Carolina
    New York
  • Regional economic differences among the colonies were mostly due to
    Native population density
    Geographic location and natural resources
    Differences in religious beliefs
    Colonial loyalty to Britain
  • French colonial efforts in North America focused mostly on
    Importing enslaved labor from Africa
    Establishing large cities along rivers
    Cotton plantations and cash crops
    Fur trading and alliances with native tribes
  • The main goal of the Navigation Acts was to
    Increase exports to France
    Reduce taxes on imported goods
    Control colonial trade to benefit Britain
    Make colonists form a new government
  • What did the Quakers of Pennsylvania believe in?
    Military conquest of land
    Equality, religious tolerance, and pacifism
    Separation from all non-Christians
    Slavery and social hierarchy
  • Why did early settlers in Jamestown struggle to survive?
    Lack of land ownership laws
    Poor planning and lack of food production
    Conflict with Spanish soldiers
    Harsh winters and few rivers
  • The Dutch in New Netherland were known for
    Strict religious laws
    Tolerance and economic-focused colonization
    Military conquest of English colonies
    Farming-based settlements
  • The Great Awakening influenced the colonies by
    Expanding Catholic influence into New England
    Promoting trade with France for the Colonies
    Ending slavery in the Southern Colonies
    Encouraging religious enthusiasm and questioning authority
  • John Locke’s ideas supported
    Protection of monarchs
    A hereditary class system
    Military control of politics
    Natural rights and the consent of the governed
  • What was the main reason Britain practiced salutary neglect?
    To strengthen the Catholic Church
    To allow colonies to prosper while Britain dealt with Europe
    To punish rebellious colonists
    To expand slavery in the North
  • The Mayflower Compact is an example of
    An agreement for self-governance among settlers
    A document banning dissenters
    A British military treaty
    A colonial constitution
  • What British political idea helped shape colonial governments?
    Military control of civilians
    Representative assemblies and individual rights
    Centralized church rule
    Absolute monarchy
  • Most colonial governments featured
    A governor appointed by the king and an elected assembly
    Elected monarchs and royal councils
    Tribal chiefs and European ministers
    Direct voting on every law
  • Rhode Island was established to promote
    Religious freedom and separation of church and state
    Military alliances with Spain
    Trade with indigenous peoples
    Plantation-based farming
  • What caused planters to shift from indentured servants to enslaved labor?
    Decrease in demand for tobacco
    Encouragement from the British king
    Fear of rebellion after events like Bacon’s Rebellion
    Religious pressure from Puritans
  • Why is this colonial era considered foundational to later U.S. development?
    It prevented all future foreign wars
    It established long-lasting patterns for the US
    It marked the end of British control
    It introduced the federal system
  • Mercantilism is the idea that
    Manufacturing should be banned in colonies
    Colonies exist to benefit the their mother country
    Governments should not interfere in trade
    All nations trade freely with each other
  • The Virginia House of Burgesses is significant as
    A religious court for Puritans
    A trading alliance with natives
    The colony’s first public school system
    The first elected legislative body in America
  • What was the purpose of the Maryland Toleration Act?
    To prohibit slavery in Maryland
    To allow colonists to choose governors
    To grant religious freedom to Christians
    To establish a national religion
  • New England town meetings were important because they
    Introduced plantation democracy
    Allowed citizens to participate in local government
    Banned dissenting opinions
    Expanded British rule in the colonies
  • Triangular Trade involved the exchange of
    Textiles, guns, and horses
    Land, workers, and elections
    Gold, silver, and food
    Enslaved Africans, raw materials, and finished goods
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