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11.1 USHG - Colonial Foundations

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  • John Locke’s ideas supported
    Protection of monarchs
    Natural rights and the consent of the governed
    Military control of politics
    A hereditary class system
  • What was the purpose of the Maryland Toleration Act?
    To prohibit slavery in Maryland
    To allow colonists to choose governors
    To establish a national religion
    To grant religious freedom to Christians
  • The Dutch in New Netherland were known for
    Tolerance and economic-focused colonization
    Military conquest of English colonies
    Strict religious laws
    Farming-based settlements
  • The Middle Passage was
    A canal built to cross Africa
    A route to the American frontier
    A plan to reform European trade
    The brutal ocean journey endured by enslaved Africans
  • The Southern Colonies developed economies based on
    Large-scale agriculture and plantation systems
    Shipbuilding and fishing
    Trading fur and pelts
    Exporting iron and steel goods
  • Regional economic differences among the colonies were mostly due to
    Differences in religious beliefs
    Native population density
    Geographic location and natural resources
    Colonial loyalty to Britain
  • Slavery developed into a racial institution partly due to
    Religious reform movements
    Intermarriage among settlers
    Laws that defined enslaved status by race
    Decreased need for labor
  • Puritans created strict religious rules in which colony?
    Massachusetts Bay
    New Jersey
    Georgia
    Pennsylvania
  • How did the Magna Carta influence American colonists?
    It guaranteed economic success
    It promoted ideas of limited government and legal rights
    It established tax laws in colonies
    It removed royal governors
  • Indentured servants were brought to Virginia primarily to
    Provide needed labor for cash crop farms
    Trade with Native Americans
    Build colonial roads and towns
    Assist in government administration
  • The Middle Colonies were especially known for their
    Reliance on strict church laws
    Diversity in religion and economy
    Cotton exports and slave codes
    Ties to the French crown
  • The Mayflower Compact is an example of
    An agreement for self-governance among settlers
    A colonial constitution
    A document banning dissenters
    A British military treaty
  • New England town meetings were important because they
    Introduced plantation democracy
    Banned dissenting opinions
    Expanded British rule in the colonies
    Allowed citizens to participate in local government
  • The main goal of the Navigation Acts was to
    Control colonial trade to benefit Britain
    Make colonists form a new government
    Increase exports to France
    Reduce taxes on imported goods
  • Most colonial governments featured
    A governor appointed by the king and an elected assembly
    Tribal chiefs and European ministers
    Direct voting on every law
    Elected monarchs and royal councils
  • What did the Quakers of Pennsylvania believe in?
    Slavery and social hierarchy
    Equality, religious tolerance, and pacifism
    Military conquest of land
    Separation from all non-Christians
  • What British political idea helped shape colonial governments?
    Absolute monarchy
    Representative assemblies and individual rights
    Centralized church rule
    Military control of civilians
  • During salutary neglect, colonists
    Elected kings
    Declared independence
    Governed themselves with little British interference
    Lost all freedoms
  • Which colony was founded partly as a refuge for Catholics?
    Maryland
    South Carolina
    Delaware
    New York
  • Why is this colonial era considered foundational to later U.S. development?
    It prevented all future foreign wars
    It established long-lasting patterns for the US
    It marked the end of British control
    It introduced the federal system
  • Triangular Trade involved the exchange of
    Enslaved Africans, raw materials, and finished goods
    Textiles, guns, and horses
    Gold, silver, and food
    Land, workers, and elections
  • Spanish colonization in the Americas was characterized by
    Minimal interaction with local populations
    Mission systems and forced native labor
    Peaceful trading relationships
    Government-funded schools for natives
  • Rhode Island was established to promote
    Religious freedom and separation of church and state
    Trade with indigenous peoples
    Plantation-based farming
    Military alliances with Spain
  • Mercantilism is the idea that
    Governments should not interfere in trade
    Colonies exist to benefit the their mother country
    Manufacturing should be banned in colonies
    All nations trade freely with each other
  • The region with the greatest reliance on enslaved African labor was
    New England colonies
    Northern port cities
    Southern colonies
    Western frontier
  • What was the main reason Britain practiced salutary neglect?
    To strengthen the Catholic Church
    To allow colonies to prosper while Britain dealt with Europe
    To expand slavery in the North
    To punish rebellious colonists
  • French colonial efforts in North America focused mostly on
    Establishing large cities along rivers
    Cotton plantations and cash crops
    Fur trading and alliances with native tribes
    Importing enslaved labor from Africa
  • The Great Awakening influenced the colonies by
    Expanding Catholic influence into New England
    Encouraging religious enthusiasm and questioning authority
    Ending slavery in the Southern Colonies
    Promoting trade with France for the Colonies
  • What was a major consequence of European colonization for Native American populations?
    Expansion of tribal lands and influence
    Massive population loss due to disease and warfare
    Equal trade partnerships with settlers
    Universal adoption of European culture
  • Why did early settlers in Jamestown struggle to survive?
    Harsh winters and few rivers
    Poor planning and lack of food production
    Lack of land ownership laws
    Conflict with Spanish soldiers
  • The Virginia House of Burgesses is significant as
    A religious court for Puritans
    A trading alliance with natives
    The colony’s first public school system
    The first elected legislative body in America
  • What caused planters to shift from indentured servants to enslaved labor?
    Fear of rebellion after events like Bacon’s Rebellion
    Religious pressure from Puritans
    Encouragement from the British king
    Decrease in demand for tobacco
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