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What was a major consequence of European colonization for Native American populations?
Massive population loss due to disease and warfare
Universal adoption of European culture
Equal trade partnerships with settlers
Expansion of tribal lands and influence
Spanish colonization in the Americas was characterized by
Mission systems and forced native labor
Government-funded schools for natives
Minimal interaction with local populations
Peaceful trading relationships
French colonial efforts in North America focused mostly on
Cotton plantations and cash crops
Establishing large cities along rivers
Importing enslaved labor from Africa
Fur trading and alliances with native tribes
The Dutch in New Netherland were known for
Tolerance and economic-focused colonization
Farming-based settlements
Strict religious laws
Military conquest of English colonies
Why did early settlers in Jamestown struggle to survive?
Conflict with Spanish soldiers
Lack of land ownership laws
Poor planning and lack of food production
Harsh winters and few rivers
The Southern Colonies developed economies based on
Trading fur and pelts
Shipbuilding and fishing
Large-scale agriculture and plantation systems
Exporting iron and steel goods
Indentured servants were brought to Virginia primarily to
Provide needed labor for cash crop farms
Trade with Native Americans
Build colonial roads and towns
Assist in government administration
What caused planters to shift from indentured servants to enslaved labor?
Decrease in demand for tobacco
Religious pressure from Puritans
Fear of rebellion after events like Bacon’s Rebellion
Encouragement from the British king
The region with the greatest reliance on enslaved African labor was
Southern colonies
Northern port cities
Western frontier
New England colonies
Regional economic differences among the colonies were mostly due to
Colonial loyalty to Britain
Differences in religious beliefs
Geographic location and natural resources
Native population density
Which colony was founded partly as a refuge for Catholics?
New York
South Carolina
Maryland
Delaware
Puritans created strict religious rules in which colony?
New Jersey
Massachusetts Bay
Pennsylvania
Georgia
What did the Quakers of Pennsylvania believe in?
Equality, religious tolerance, and pacifism
Separation from all non-Christians
Slavery and social hierarchy
Military conquest of land
Rhode Island was established to promote
Religious freedom and separation of church and state
Trade with indigenous peoples
Military alliances with Spain
Plantation-based farming
The Middle Colonies were especially known for their
Cotton exports and slave codes
Diversity in religion and economy
Ties to the French crown
Reliance on strict church laws
New England town meetings were important because they
Expanded British rule in the colonies
Allowed citizens to participate in local government
Banned dissenting opinions
Introduced plantation democracy
