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Which major economic reform did Maria Theresa introduce in Hungary?

economic reforms, including new taxation policies, double tariff system

What was the name of the law that allowed Maria Theresa to inherit the throne despite being a woman?

The Pragmatic Sanction (1713) allowed Maria Theresa to inherit the throne.

What was the "Patent of Tolerance," and how did it affect religious minorities in Hungary?

religious freedom to Protestants and Orthodox Christians

Name an educational reform of MT with date (why was it important)?

Ratio Educationis, 1777

What role did the Habsburgs play in the ethnic diversity of Hungary?

The Habsburgs encouraged the settlement of Germans, Serbs, and Slovaks in depopulated areas.

What war broke out due to her contested succession?

The War of Austrian Succession (1740–1748)

What was the main aim of Joseph II’s reforms in Hungary?

Modernizing and centralizing the empire

Which ethnic group was mostly settled in Transylvania?

Romanians, Hungarians (Szeklers), and Saxons (Germans)

How did the Hungarian nobility balance loyalty to the Habsburgs with their own autonomy?

By supporting the Habsburgs in exchange for privileges

What was the main cause of tensions between the Habsburgs and Hungary in the 18th century?

Habsburg centralization vs. Hungarian autonomy

What was the name of the Hungarian army fighting in the Rákóczi Freedom Fight?

The Hungarian army was called the Kuruc army.

What European power provided some support to Rákóczi’s forces?

France provided some support, but it was limited.

Where did Ferenc II Rákóczi go into exile after the failure of the uprising?

Rákóczi went into exile in the Ottoman Empire, specifically in Rodosto

What happened to most of Joseph II’s reforms after his death?

They were revoked in 1790

Which ethnic group was the largest in Hungary in the 18th century?

Hungarians were the largest group but did not form an absolute majority.

What treaty ended the Rákóczi Freedom Fight in 1711?

Treaty of Szatmár (1711)

What nickname was given to Joseph II?

"Kalapos Király"

Why did Hungarian nationalism start to rise in the early 19th century?

to preserve the language and culture against Habsburg Germanization

What was the language decree about?

official language: German (administration)

Why did Joseph II refuse to be crowned King of Hungary?

to avoid taking an oath to uphold Hungarian laws

How did Maria Theresa handle religious issues in Hungary?

She was a Catholic, opposed Protestantism but allowed limited religious tolerance

What was the relationship like between Maria Theresa and the Hungarian nobility?

relied on their support while maintaining central authority

What was the main goal of the Rákóczi Freedom Fight?

The main goal was to achieve independence from Habsburg rule and restore Hungarian autonomy.