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APUSH Quarterly 2 Review

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  • What was the primary motivation for European exploration in the 15th and 16th centuries?
    To find new trade routes, access wealth, and spread Christianity, competition with other colonial powers.
  • What sparked Bacon’s Rebellion in 1676?
    Discontent among poor (indentured) farmers over Native American policies, land availability, and lack of protection.
  • Why was the 14th Amendment significant?
    It granted citizenship and equal protection under the law to all persons born in the U.S.
  • What caused the Panic of 1837?
    Speculative (risky) lending, Andrew Jackson’s bank policies, and the failure of state banks.
  • Explain the Columbian Exchange.
    The transfer of goods, ideas, people, and diseases between the Old World and the New World.
  • How did technological advancements like the cotton gin shape the economy and society?
    It increased cotton production and reliance on slavery in the South.
  • What did the Emancipation Proclamation accomplish?
    It declared freedom for slaves in Confederate territories, making the war about abolition.
  • What impact did the Transcontinental Railroad have on the U.S.?
    It connected the country, boosted the economy, and displaced Native Americans.
  • What were the main causes of sectionalism in the antebellum U.S.?
    Economic differences, slavery, and disputes over states’ rights.
  • What was the significance of the Dred Scott decision?
    It ruled that African Americans were not citizens and the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional.
  • What was the significance of the Election of 1800?
    It marked the first peaceful transfer of power between political parties in U.S. history.
  • How did abolitionists like Frederick Douglass and Harriet Tubman contribute to the antislavery movement?
    Through speeches, publications, and direct action like the Underground Railroad.
  • What were the key differences between New England and Chesapeake colonies?
    New England focused on religious communities and family farms; Chesapeake relied on tobacco cultivation and indentured labor.
  • What was the immediate cause of Southern secession?
    The election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860.
  • Why was the French and Indian War a turning point in British-colonial relations?
    It led to increased taxation and British control over the colonies, fostering resentment.
  • Describe the main elements of Henry Clay’s American System.
    A national bank, protective tariffs, and internal improvements to strengthen the economy.
  • What led to the end of Reconstruction?
    The Compromise of 1877, which withdrew federal troops from the South.
  • What was the significance of the Dawes Act?
    It divided tribal lands to promote assimilation of Native Americans.
  • How did the Enlightenment influence American colonists?
    It emphasized reason, natural rights, and self-government, inspiring revolutionary ideas.
  • What were the major weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation?
    The federal government lacked power to tax, regulate trade, or enforce laws.
  • Compare the Missouri Compromise and the Compromise of 1850.
    Both addressed slavery in territories; the Missouri Compromise maintained balance, while the Compromise of 1850 allowed for popular sovereignty.
  • How did westward expansion affect Native American tribes?
    It resulted in displacement, loss of lands, and violent conflicts.
  • What was the impact of Thomas Paine’s Common Sense?
    It rallied support for independence by criticizing monarchy and advocating republicanism.
  • What role did women play in reform movements of the early 19th century?
    Women were key leaders in temperance, abolition, and women’s suffrage movements.
  • What impact did European colonization have on Native American populations?
    It led to significant population decline due to disease, warfare, and displacement.
  • What was the purpose of the Homestead Act of 1862?
    To encourage westward migration by offering land to settlers.
  • What was the significance of the Navigation Acts?
    They enforced mercantilism by regulating colonial trade to benefit England.
  • What was the relationship between Manifest Destiny and the Mexican-American War?
    Manifest Destiny fueled the desire for land, leading to conflict with Mexico.
  • What was the purpose of the Proclamation of 1763?
    To prevent colonial settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains and avoid conflict with Native Americans.
  • What was the purpose of the Freedmen’s Bureau?
    To assist freed slaves with education, housing, and employment during Reconstruction.
  • What were the goals of the Carlisle Indian Industrial School?
    To assimilate Native Americans into white culture by erasing their traditional practices.
  • What was the Monroe Doctrine?
    A policy warning European powers not to interfere in the Western Hemisphere and in exchange, the United States would stay out of the Eastern.
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