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DMS 281 OB Pathology Review

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  • what is duodenal atresia
    malformation of the duodenum creating an obstruction of the passage of amniotic fluid
  • what is downward displacement of the 4th ventricle into the cervical canal resulting in an obliterated/small cisterna magna measurement and banana shaped cerebellum
    Arnold Chiari Malformation
  • what is beckwith-weidemann syndrome characterized by
    large organs
  • which condition is associated with Pierre-Robin Syndrome?
    micrognathia
  • when should suspicion for esophageal atresia arise
    when the stomach is persistently not seen after 19 weeks (should be seen around 14-15 weeks)
  • what is BPS
    a mass of nonfunctioning lung tissue that does not communicate with the bronchial tree, has a feeder vessel so color Doppler is important
  • what is an omphalocele
    weakness of the abdominal musculature & skin resulting in a herniation of the abdominal contents into the base of the umbilical cord, covered by a membrane
  • TRUE OR FALSE: infantile polycystic kidney disease is always bilateral
    TRUE
  • what is urethral atresia
    bladder distention in FEMALES
  • what is a proboscis associated with
    holoprosencephaly
  • what is CCAM
    abnormal overgrowth of bronchial tissue and lack of normal alveoli, typically in the lower lobes, there are 3 types
  • which condition involves a fluid filled head replacing the cerebral hemispheres
    hydranencephaly
  • what is the most common fetal anomaly
    hydronephrosis
  • what is the most common type of esophageal etresia
    distal tracheoesophageal fistula
  • which condition is associated with an abnormally large head, 2-3 standard deviations above normal
    macrocephaly
  • which condition is associated with frog-like bulging eyes
    anenecephaly
  • what is pentalogy of cantrell almost always associated with
    limb reduction anomalies
  • what is amniotic band syndrome
    rupture of the amnion allowing fetal anatomy to become entrapped to the sticky chorion
  • what is a theorized cause of hydranencephaly
    results from insult or bilateral occlusion of the fetal internal arteries OR from congenital infection
  • what is UVJ associated with
    dilated renal pelvis AND ureter (megaureter)
  • what is Arnold Chiari associated with
    spina bifida
  • bilateral renal agenesis may result in:
    severe oligohydramnios, small thorax, pulmonary hypoplasia, dolicocephaly
  • what is prune belly syndrome
    agenesis of the abdominal wall musculature causing severe distention (greater than PUV)
  • which condition is associated with an abnormally small head, 2-3 standard deviations below normal?
    microcephaly
  • what is useful when imaging hypospadius
    color Doppler to look for urine flow
  • how is anencephaly different from acrania
    anencephaly is the absence of the skull AND brain tissue (brain stem still present) whereas acrania is the absence of the skull WITH presence of brain tissue
  • what is hydrops
    collection of fluid in 2 or more spaces
  • what is a collection of lymphatic fluid typically located at the back of the neck due to obstruction of lymphatic channels
    cystic hygroma
  • what is meconium ileus associated with
    cystic fibrosis
  • how would multicystic dysplastic kidney disease appear on ultrasound
    unilateral (usually BUT can be bilateral), renal tissue displaced by various sized cysts normal fluid level... IF BILATERAL: oligohydramnios and fatal
  • what is a soft tissue structure extending from the front of the face called
    proboscis
  • what are the five anomalies of pentalogy of cantrell
    omphalocele & ectopic heart (most common 2), defect in the lower sternum, anterior diaphragm, and diaphragmatic pericardium
  • which condition involves a large 4th ventricle cyst seen in the posterior fossa replacing the cerebellum due to agenesis of the vermis, increases the cisterna magna measurement, and results in hydrocephalus of 3rd & lateral ventricles
    Dandy Walker Malformation
  • what is hypospadius
    an abnormal opening of the penis on the under side rather than at the tip
  • what type of hydrocephalus is due to obstruction within the ventricular system often between the 3rd and 4th ventricle (stenosis of the aqueduct of sylvius)
    non-communicating hydrocephalus
  • how would infantile polycystic kidney disease appear on ultrasound
    bilaterally enlarged echogenic kidneys after 24 weeks, NO visible cysts, oligohydramnios, and may not be able to see bladder
  • what is the most common reason for hydronephrosis
    UPJ obstruction
  • what does BPS stand for
    bronchopulmonary sequestration
  • what is a typical cause of pulmonary hypoplasia
    oligohydramnios
  • how would adult polycystic kidney disease appear on ultrasound (OB)
    kidneys typically appear normal in utero and neonatal, with manifestation not occurring until 3rd or 4th decade of adulthood
  • which type of hydrocephalus is due to overproduction OR under absorption of CSF
    communicating hydrocephalus
  • which condition is associated with the double bubble sign
    duodenal atresia
  • what does CCAM stand for
    cystic adenomatoid malformation
  • what is a known cause of microcephaly
    zika virus
  • which condition is associated with Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome
    macroglossia
  • what is a cystic hygroma associated with
    Turner's Syndrome
  • what is meconium ileus
    dilated bowel loops containing thick meconium (poop)
  • what is gastroschisis
    an opening typically to the right of the umbilical cord insertion in the layers of the abdominal wall allowing protrusion of the intestines, no covering!!!
  • what is a cleft palate associated with
    small stomach and/or polyhydramnios from not swallowing amniotic fluid
  • what is associated with the absence or abnormally shaped CSP
    agenesis of corpus collosum
  • what can amniotic band syndrome lead to
    malformations and amputations of limbs
  • who and what is the key hole appearance associated with
    males ONLY and PUV (posterior urethral valve obstruction)
  • what measurement indicates hydronephrosis
    >7mm AP dimension after 28 weeks
  • what is a reduction in lung volume
    pulmonary hypoplasia
  • what is hirschsprung's disease
    innervation of the large intestine resulting in megacolon
  • what is more common: anencephaly or acrania?
    anencephaly is the most common neural tube defect whereas acrania is very rare
  • what ventricle measurement is considered ventriculomegaly
    dilation >10 mm (1cm)
  • which condition results in 1 common large monoventricle and has 3 forms
    holoprosencephaly
  • which type of CCAM has a more favorable outcome
    type 1 (large dominant cyst 3-10cm replaces lung tissue)
  • in unilateral renal agenesis, what will the size of remaining kidney most likely be
    the size of the signl kidney may be larger to compensate
  • which condition is duodenal atresia associated with
    trisomy 21
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