WANTING to speak to him about the contract, I decided to arrange a meeting.
Present participle. Adverbial clause of reason: Because I wanted to...
Not WANTING to tell the truth, the young boy made up an excuse.
Present participle. Adverbial clause of reason: Because the young boy did not want to....
He rushed out of the room without SAYING a word.
After a preposition, we always use a gerund. It functions as a noun.
BUILT in 1953, the museum needs renovation.
Past participle. Adverbial clause of reason: Since/As/Because it was built in 1953, ...
He robbed a bank ENDING up in prison.
Present participle in coordination. He robbed a bank and ended up in prison.
OPENING the door, she saw me.
Present participle, adverbial clause of time: When she opened the door, she saw me.
The survey revealed some WORRYING results.
Present participle. It functions as an adjective.
LOOKED after carefully, this coat will keep you warm through many winters.
Past participle. Adverbial clause of condition: If you look at this coat carefully, it will keep you warm...
NOT HAVING BEEN INVITED to the wedding, he didn't come.
Perfect participle - Passive adverbial clause of reason/result: Because he hadn't/As a result of not having been invited to the wedding, he didn't come.
ATTACKED by a dog, the little girl was taken to the nearest hospital.
Past participle. Passive adverbial clause of time or reason: After/because the little girl was attacked by a dog, she was taken...
HAVING ATTENDED this course before, Tom knew what to expect.
Perfect participle. Adverbial clause of reason: Because Tom had attended this course before, he...
He pulled the trigger KILLING a twenty-nine-year-old lady.
Present participle in coordination: He pulled the trigger and killed a twenty...
What I really like is TRAVELLING to other countries.
Gerund. It functions as a noun.
I had no time to read my book HAVING SPENT so long doing my homework.
Perfect participle. Adverbial clause of reason or result: I had no time to read my book because I... /as a result of having...
The man DRIVING the car was not injured.
Present participle. It functions as an adjective as this is a reduced defining relative clause: The man who was driving the car...
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