Reasons that say the same thing over and over again using different words
Circular Reasoning
A broad conclusion using all-or-nothing words like every, always, and never
Overgeneralization
"Sell" a product or an idea by linking it with something or someone positive or influential
Appeals by Association
a mistake in reasoning
Logical Fallacy
The attitude and beliefs that a writer is trying to convey.
viewpoint
reasons and evidence that back up the claim
Support
relies on the backing of a celebrity, an expert, or a satisfied customer
Testimonial
used to distract the audience by presenting a side issue not related to the topic
Red Herring
A conclusion drawn from too little evidence
Hasty Generalization
Words with strongly positive or negative associations
loaded language
defective reasoning, logical fallacies (Example: Because everything is bigger in Texas, you can expect birds to be the size of dogs.) Doesn't make sense.
Faulty Reasoning
use of authority instead of evidence
use of authority instead of evidence
presents a narrow, fixed idea about all the members of a certain group.
Stereotype
the assumption that one event caused another because it occurred earlier in time
False Cause
taps into people's desire to belong to a group ("Everyone has the latest version!")
Bandwagon
methods to influence others' beliefs, opinions, or actions.
Persuasive Techniques
to review or analyze critically (a reflective examination of the validity of the subject)
Critique
use strong feelings rather than facts and evidence to persuade
Emotional Appeal
Celebrities use their fame to make you believe in a cause, candidate, or product.
Endorsement
makes people feel as if their safety, security, or health is in danger
Appeal to Fear
Uses flattery to win people over
Appeal to Vanity
correct reasoning backed by reasons and evidence.
Logic
the use of loaded words to create negative feelings about a person, group, or thing.
Name Calling
reasons and evidence that back up the claim
Supporting Evidence
the writer's position on an issue or problem
Claim
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