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Biology Winter Final Review

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  • Why are photosynthesis and cellular respiration related?
    The products of photosynthesis are the reactants for cellular respiration, and the products for cellular respiration are the reactants for photosynthesis.
  • What is the cell theory?
    All living things are made of cells; Cells are the basic unit for life; Cells come from other cells.
  • What is a reactant?
    Substance that is used in a chemical reaction (input).
  • Which cells have membrane bound organelles?
    eukaryotes
  • What are the monomer subunits of proteins called?
    amino acids
  • What is an independent variable?
    The factor in an experiment that the scientist changes.
  • What is reasoning?
    Explanation or justification based on evidence or previous knowledge.
  • What are the three classes of macromolecules that are polymers?
    Proteins Carbohydrates Nucleic Acids
  • What are the 2 rules for writing an experiment?
    1. Must have a control group and an experimental group 2. Must have ONE independent variable (Only test one thing)
  • What does an arrow represent in a food web?
    Energy transfer
  • What is evidence?
    Supporting information based on observation.
  • When you use Claims, Evidence, and Reasoning to explain a scenario, what is the claim?
    A statement that predicts the outcome of a situation or about what is happening.
  • How is the movement of energy in an ecosystem different from the movement of matter?
    Energy flows in one direction, while matter is recycled.
  • What is biology?
    Study of life
  • Which type of monomer is glucose?
    carbohydrate--monosaccharide
  • What is a concentration gradient?
    Molecules have a higher concentration in one area compared to another.
  • Which type of cells do humans have?
    Eukaryotic Cells
  • Which macromolecule is the main source of energy for living things?
    carbohydrates
  • On a graph, where is the dependent variable?
    Y axis
  • What needs to be done BEFORE forming a hypothesis?
    Gather Information/ Research
  • Compare the size of eukaryotic cells to the size of prokaryotic cells. Explain.
    Eukaryotic cells are larger and more complex, as they have more specialized functions compared to prokaryotic cells.
  • List the 8 characteristics for life.
    Growth, Reproduction, Evolution, Genetic Material, Cells, Homeostasis, Environmental Response, Metabolism
  • What is an isotope--give an example.
    An isotope is an atom with a different number of neutrons. C-13 is an isotope.
  • What is active transport?
    Movement of materials across a membrane from low concentration to high concentration, requiring energy
  • The three particles that make up an atom are:
    protons, neutrons, electrons
  • A _______________________ is made up of monomer subunits.
    polymer
  • Cellulose is a chain of glucose molecules hooked together. It stores energy in plants. Which type of macromolecule (polymer) is cellulose?
    Polysaccharide (carbohydrate)
  • What happens to an ecosystem when biodiversity increases?
    It increases the ecosystem's stability, as more organisms fit into the complex food webs.
  • What does semi-permeable mean?
    Only certain materials can cross the cell membrane.
  • Explain why there are so many different types of proteins, but only 20 amino acids, all with roughly the same structure.
    The amount and order of amino acids in polypeptides varies.
  • You are testing to see how different amounts of water affect plant growth. What is the dependent variable?
    Plant Growth
  • Why isn't facilitated diffusion considered active transport?
    It does not require energy, though it uses a protein carrier to move particles from a high to low concentration.
  • What is a hypothesis?
    A prediction about the outcome of an experiment based on observation and research.
  • What is the difference between simple diffusion and osmosis?
    Diffusion transfers solute and osmosis transfers solvent
  • Which of the 8 characteristics of life does the cell membrane help the cell achieve?
    All organisms must maintain homeostasis.
  • Which step of the scientific method comes first?
    Ask a Question
  • Explain whether or not a monosaccharide is a macromolecule.
    It is not, because it is a monomer, which is the subunit (smaller piece) of a polymer. Polymers are macromolecules.
  • Which type of solution has a high concentration of solute particles?
    Hypertonic solution
  • What are the monomer subunits for nucleic acids called?
    nucleotides
  • If an atom contains 3 protons, 4 neutrons, and 3 electrons, its mass number is..
    7 (3 protons + 4 nuetrons)
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