What happens in the extension phase of PCR?
Taq polymerase adds nucleotides
Replication of nucleotides
Primers bind to DNA strand
Double stranded DNA separates
What happens in the annealing phase of PCR?
Double stranded DNA separates
Replication of nucleotide sequence
Taq polymerase adds nucleotides to the growing strand
Primers bind to DNA strand
Which antibiotic is this bacteria most susceptible to?
Disc B's antibiotic
Disc A's antibiotic
Disc C's antibiotic
Disc E's antibiotic
Where HAIR CELLS (nerves) are found
6
1
3
7
Which one is gram negative?
B
A
What happens in the denaturation phase of PCR?
Primers bind to DNA strand
Replication of nucleotide sequence
Double stranded DNA separates
Taq polymerase adds nucleotides to the growing strand
These are the Villans of what Chrismas Classic?
Home Alone
Which one has a THICK layer of peptidoglycan?
A
B
This is
Rudolf the Red Nose Reindeer
What is the role of T cells in the immune response?
consume pathogen and display antigen
make antibodies
identify pathogen
activate B cells
When genetically engineering a vaccine, how do you ensure that the sticky ends will match up on the plasmid and the viral DNA?
Use ONE restriction enzyme for plasmid and TWO for viral DNA
Use SAME restriction enzyme, cut plasmid once and DNA twice
Use TWO re enzymes for plasmid and ONE for viral DNA
Use SAME restriction enzyme, cut plasmid twice and DNA once
What is the tube dilution of each tube?
1/2
1/3
50/100
Important for BALANCE
7
6
4
3
How do you get a genetically engineered plasmid into a bacteria, to get it to manufature the protein you need for a vaccine?
TRANSDUCTION - allow the bacteria to take up plasmid
CONJUGATION-expose the bacteria to another bacteria
TRANSDUCTION- use a virus
TRANSFORMATION - allows the bacteria to take up the plasmid
When genetically engineering a vaccine, what does the cutting, like scissors?
taq polymerase
Restriction Enzymes - same one for viral DNA and plasmid DNA
DNA Ligase
This patient has a SEVERE hearing loss at what frequencies?
High
Midrange
Low
If the original sample has a concentration of 100, what is the final concentration of tube 2?
11
1.23
33
When using electrophoresis for genetic testing, why do you pick a restriction enzyme that only cuts where the mutation occurs?
So that you can discover where in the gene the mutation is
To locate the nonmutated copies
So that you can distinguish between mutated and nonmutated
TYMPANIC MEMBRANE or eardrum
3
2
6
7
Ossicles
6
7
1
3
If a DNA sample contained just one copy of a gene, how many copies would there be after 4 cycles of PCR?
2X4=8
1X2X4=8
1 X 2^4 = 16
1X4^2 = 16
Which disc allows researchers to see what bacteria growing around the disc would look like, and ensures that the disc itself does not inhibit growth?
Disc A
Disc E
Disc B
CONTROL - which is a NEGATIVE control
Which one has an outer layer with endotoxins?
A
B
Which can detect a neural tube defect?
Amniocentesis
CVS
Ultrasound
PINNA funnels sound waves to ear
6
1
3
7
Which antibiotic would you prescribe for a patient infected with this strain of bacteria?
Disc E's antibiotic
Disc A's antibiotic
Disc B's antibiotic
Disc C's antibiotic
Which antibiotic is this bacteria likely resistant to?
Disc A's antibiotic
Disc E's antibiotic
Disc B's antibiotic
Disc C's antibiotic
What is the final dilution of tube 2?
1/27
1/9
1/3
What do you need in your tubes to run PCR?
DNA samples, Specific Primer, Nucleotides, Taq polymerase
Primary Antibody, Secondary Antibody, Enzyme and Substrate
Restriction Enzymes, DNA ligase and DNA samples
This patient has a SEVERE ____________________hearing loss.
Conductive
Sensorineural