Unit 4 Human Growth and Development

The knowledge that an object exists even when it's not in view.

Ability to recognize that objects can be transformed in some way, visually or phycially, yet still be the same in number, weight, substance, or volume

A stimulus that weakens a response when it is presented after the response

A conceptual framework a person uses to make sense of the world

In Piaget's theory, the preoperational child's difficulty taking another's point of view

Sociocultural Development Theory Children learn through social interaction with someone who knows how to help the child learn challenging information 

A change in an organism's environment that causes the organism to react.

Adjusting the support offered during a teaching session to fit the child's current level of performance

A type of learning in which one learns to link two or more stimuli and anticipate events

Theory of Cognitive Development-4 Stages--Sensorimotor Preoperational Concrete Operational       Formal Operational

Changing a schema.

Stages of Moral DevelopmentPre-Conventional Morality-guided by fearConventional Morality -guided by societyPost-Conventional Morality-guided by honor

Belief that inanimate objects have feelings such as a stuffed animal or doll

Having to do with an organism's physical processes.

According to Vygotsky: The gap between what a child is already able to do and what he or she is not yet capable of doing without help

Social Cognitive TheoryChildren learn by watching others. Conducted the Bobo doll experiment. Learning depends on attention, memory, imitation, and mo...

Increasing behaviors by presenting positive stimuli, such as food. A positive reinforcer is any stimulus that, when presented after a response, streng...

Behaviorist who developed the idea of operant conditioning based on system of rewards and punishment.

Vygotsky's term for someone who helps a child learn a new concept by working with that child in his/her zone of proximal development.

Hierarchy of Needs:Self-ActualizationEsteemLovesSafetyPhysiological

According to Maslow, the ultimate psychological need that arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved

8 Stages of Psychosocial DevelopmentTrust v. MistrustAutonomy v. ShameInitiative v. GuildIndustry v. InferiorityIdentity v. ConfusionIntimacy v. Isola...

A type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher.

Adding to a current schema to incorporate new information.