Which of the following types of CP involves increased tone/rigidity of muscles, as well as stiff, abrupt, slow movements?
Athetoid CP
Ataxic CP
Spastic CP
The lowest frequency of a periodic wave is also known as:
the formant frequency or 1st harmonic
the fundamental frequency or 1st harmonic
the first octave or the fundamental frequency
the fundamental frequency or 2nd harmonic
___ are produced by a quick transition of the articulators as they move from a partially constricted state to a more open state for the vowels that follow them:
stops
liquids
glides
affricates
Understands up to 10 words, first true word, obeys some verbal commands, gives objects upon requests:
birth-3 months
10-12 months
4-6 months
7-9 months
Expansion stage:
6-8 months
4-6 months
8 months-1 year
I'm very important for speech because I contain descending fibers that transmit motor information to several CN nuclei:
midbrain
medulla
spinal cord
pons
~ ABOVE a phoneme is a diacritic for:
voiced
nasalized
lateralized
dental
The articulation therapy approach that emphasizes the syllable as the basic unit of speech production and heavily uses the concept of phonetic environment is:
Van Riper's traditional approach
the maximal contrast approach
McCabe and Bradley's multiple phoneme approach
McDonald's sensorimotor approach
The /r/ and /l/ sounds may both be categorized as:
laterals
glides
rhotics
liquids
"Man go store" is an example of deficits in what area?
Phonology
Morphology
Syntax
Semantics
Hemiplegia means:
either the two legs or two arms are paralyzed
one side of the body is paralyzed
only one limb is paralyzed
only the legs are paralyzed
Congenital malformations, genetic syndromes, and severe infectious diseases involve what type of risk for developing a language disorder?
at risk
established risk
True or False?: The language of children with Intellectual Disability (ID) is delayed rather than deviant.
True
False
I'm the only "lateral" sound:
/t/
/l/
/s/
/r/
Intensity of normal conversational speech varies between __ dB and __ dB SPL.
50 dB and 70 dB SPL
A semivowel that can be categorized as a voiced bilabial glide that is +anterior and +continuant is the:
/w/
/h/
/r/
/j/
I receive information about motor impulses from the cerebellum and the basal ganglia and relay this information to the motor areas of the cerebral cortex; I'm critical for maintenance of consciousness
reticular activating system
thalamus
cerebellum
globus pallidus
I mainly support and protect the nerve cells; I do not transmit nerve impulses:
interneurons
glia cells
cranial nerves
motor neurons
True or False?: SLI is not secondary to other developmental disabilities.
False
True
Which of the following is NOT a primary cortical area involved in speech-motor control?
area 6 (supplementary motor cortex)
area 4 (primary motor cortex)
area 22 (Wernicke's)
area 44 (Broca's)
Which of following counts as 1 morpheme?
uh
choo-choo
writing
swims
I'm the cranial nerve that innervates the larynx and also the levator veli palatini, palatoglossus, and palatopharyngeus muscles. Who am I?
XI: Spinal Accessory
V: Trigeminal
X: Vagus
XII: Hypoglossal
I have sensory branches to the mandible, lower teeth, lower lip, tongue, part of the cheek, and external ear:
ophthalmic branch
mandibular branch
maxillary branch
A ___ is the smallest meaningful unit of a language.
allophone
morpheme
allomorph
phoneme
The neurons that transmit information away from the brain are called:
primary neurons
efferent neurons
afferent neurons
peripheral neurons
We are "coronal" sounds (tongue blade is raised above the neutral schwa):
/m, n, p, b/
/k, g, f, v, w/
/r, l, n, s, z, t, d, ch, sh, th/
/h, w, f, v, k, g, j/
I create connections between the cortex and subcortical structures like the cerebellum, basal ganglia, brainstem, and spinal cord:
commissural fibers
projection fibers
association fibers
Syntax is the study of ___ ____.
sentence structure
Phonetics is the study of:
speech sounds and their production and perception in terms of their articulatory and physical characteristics
Type-token ratio (TTR) assesses which of the following?
phonological skills
semantic skills
morphological skills
syntactical skills
Prenatal/natal complications, chronic middle ear infections, and family history place involve what type of risk for developing a language disorder?
established risk
at-risk
______ are variations of phonemes:
Allophones
I connect areas of the brain within a hemisphere:
commissural fibers
association fibers
projection fibers
I'm the small region adjacent to the tip; in resting position, I lie just inferior to the alveolar ridge:
root
dorsum
blade
lingual frenulum
The subject receives the action of the verb in:
passive sentences
active sentences
exclamatory sentences
True or False?: The factor most highly related to SES status is the mother's educational level.
True
False
I supply all sensory information below the vocal folds. Who am I?
Superior laryngeal nerve
Recurrent laryngeal nerve
Present progressive morpheme:
-ing
-s
-ed
-'s
I provide all sensory information to the larynx and motor innervation solely to the cricothyroid muscle. Who am I?
Recurrent laryngeal nerve
Superior laryngeal nerve
Which of the following types of CP involves disturbed balance, awkward gait, and uncoordinated movements?
Ataxic CP
Athetoid CP
Spastic CP
I have sensory branches to the upper lip, maxilla, upper cheek area, upper teeth, maxillary sinus, and palate:
maxillary branch
mandibular branch
ophthalmic branch
An example of overextension would be:
calling all adult males "Daddy"
calling only the family pet "dog" and not other dogs
When a person is producing voiced and voiceless /th/, the muscle that is most involved is:
genioglossus
buccinator
styloglossus
palatopharyngeus
The PNS contains 3 types of nerves. Which is not one of those 3?
spinal
central
cranial
autonomic
.. under a phoneme is a diacritic for:
lowered
breathy
palatalized
velarized
Morphological problems include omissions of which of the following?
comparatives and superlatives
turn taking
task shifting
Which type of CP is the most common type (making up 61-77% of all cases)?
Ataxic CP
Spastic CP
Athetoid CP
~ under a phoneme is a diacritic for:
laminal
syllabic
more rounded
creaky
____ have both a fricative and stop quality:
glides
nasals
liquids
affricates
I transmit information relative to movement from the cerebral hemispheres to the cerebellum; I'm involved with hearing and balance:
spinal cord
pons
medulla
midbrain
Which is NOT a biological function of the larynx?
production of cough to clear airway
phonation for speech
closure of the trachea to protect lungs
closure of VFs to build subglottic pressure
Variegated (nonreduplicated) babbling stage:
4-6 months
8 months-1 year
6-8 months
Comprehends "no", imitates intonation and speech sounds, variegated babbling, beginning of object permanence:
4-6 months
10-12 months
7-9 months
birth-3 months
Important structure adjacent to the brainstem, contains hypothalamus/thalamus:
postcentral gyrus
diencephalon
superior cerebral peduncle
mesencephalon
Marginal babbling, adult-like vowels, responds to name, vocal play:
4-6 months
10-12 months
birth-3 months
7-9 months
"Big doggy" =
action
denial
locative
attribution
Which of the following is NOT a layer of the vocal folds?
ventricular folds
vocalis muscle
lamina propria
epithelium
I extend from the tips of the arytenoid cartilages to the larynx, separate the laryngeal vestibule from the pharynx, and preserve the airway. Who am I?
Aryepiglottic folds
Ventricular folds
True vocal folds
Lamina propina
Signaling to carry out some socially organized action, such as pointing and laughing:
locutionary
illocutionary
perlocutionary
____ are produced by lowering the velum to keep the vp port open:
nasals
glides
affricates
fricatives
The prevalence of FASD is:
1 out of every 1000-1200 babies
1 out of every 500-600 babies
1 out of every 100-200 babies
1 out of every 800-900 babies
I'm responsible for carrying the impulses that control voluntary fine motor movements:
extrapyramidal system
pyramidal system
An octave is:
the unit of measure for frequency
the amount of molecular displacement per unit of time
an indication of interval between 2 frequencies
a measure of the magnitude
In Oller's stages of infant phonological development, reduplicated babbling precedes:
cooing
nonreduplicated or variegated babbling
reduplicated expansion
explansion
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for language disorders in children:
perinatal conditions
prenatal conditions
antinatal conditions
neonatal conditions
Most pharyngeal muscles are innervated by cranial nerves:
VIII, X
IX, X
XI, XII
X, XI
Which of the following counts as 2 morphemes?
kitty
um okay
birthday
Mommy's
____ are produced with the least oral cavity restriction of all the consonants:
fricatives
glides
nasals
liquids
I'm the direct motor activation pathway that is primarily responsible for facilitating voluntary movement (including speech):
extrapyramidal system
pyramidal system
The 11 paired EXTERNAL intercostals ______:
raise ribs up and out
pull ribs downward
The two properties of a medium that affect sound transmission are:
mass & elasticity
pressure & force
amplitude & intensity
compression & rarefaction
I'm the only "low" consonant:
/w/
/n/
/r/
/h/
_ under a phoneme is a diacritic for:
voiced
retracted
raised
nasalized
"A significant deficiency in the quantity of language learned and understood" fits into which category?
deficient literacy skills
limited amount of language
deficient grammar
inadequate social communication
The SCERTS model emphasizes the importance of all of the following EXCEPT:
social communication
emotional regulation
increased auditory cues
transactional supports
We are linguavelar sounds:
g, k, ng
I'm important for maintaining states of consciousness, such as sleep, drowsiness, alertness, and excitement
Diencephalon
Reticular Activating System
Cerebellum
Basal Ganglia
I'm the largest area of the tongue that lies in contact with both the hard and soft palates:
dorsum
root
tip
blade
The 11 paired INTERNAL intercostals ______:
raise ribs up and out
pull ribs downward
Most children produce __ words by 18 months:
50
20
100
150
Phonology is the scientific study of:
the sound system and patterns used to create the sounds and words of a language
True or False?: The sequence of language development in children with SLI is the same as that of a typically developing children.
True
False
Behavior in which "signals" have an effect on the listener or observer but lack communicative intent:
locutionary
illocutionary
perlocutionary
____ is the auditory sensation of the frequency with which the vocal folds vibrate:
pitch
Visually tracks, startle response, smiles reflexively:
10-12 months
7-9 months
Birth-3 months
4-6 months
The estimated prevalence of children with ASD is:
1 in 79
1 in 111
1 in 68
1 in 26
Reduplicated babbling stage:
4-6 months
6-8 months
8 months-1 year
_____ contains a set of linguistic descriptions of the world's speech sounds:
Distinctive Feature Analysis
Place-Voice-Manner Analysis
The therapy technique of "phonetic placement" is used to teach or establish:
production of a phoneme in isolation
minimal pair contrasts
auditory discrimination
stimulability
I'm the thinnest and most flexible part of the tongue and play an important role in articulation:
dorsum
tip
root
blade
I'm the most common type of neuron in the nervous system; I link neurons with other neurons and play an important role in controlling movement:
motor neurons
sensory neurons
interneurons
___ refers to the abstract system of sounds; ___ refers to concrete productions of specific sounds.
phonetic; phonemic
phonemic; phonetic
____ sounds include all vowels and /r, l/.
Lateral
Vocalic
Nasal
Consonantal
Which is NOT a segment of the pharyngeal cavity?
mesopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx
nasopharynx
Cooing/gooing stage:
4-6 months
2-4 months
6-8 months
birth-1 month
____ is the magnitude and direction of displacement:
amplitude
Lesions to me can result in unusual body postures, dysarthria, changes in body tone, and involuntary and uncontrolled movements:
thalamus
hypothalamus
basal ganglia
cerebrum
I help connect the brainstem and the cerebellum; I control many motor/sensory functions (postural/visual reflexes, eye movements, & head movements)
midbrain
spinal cord
medulla
pons
____ result from the continuous forcing of air through a narrow constriction:
nasals
liquids
fricatives
affricates
True or False?: Children with SLI have a known etiology or associated condition, such as sensorimotor problems, ID, or neurological impairment.
False
True
The ACA supplies blood to the:
corpus callosum and basal ganglia
substantia negra
corpus striatum
caudate nucleus and globus pallidus
Which of the following types of CP is characterized by slow, writhing, involuntary movements?
Ataxic CP
Athetoid CP
Spastic CP
_____ examines the relationship between articulation and the acoustic signal of speech.
Descriptive phonetics
Acoustic phonetics
Auditory phonetics
Physiological phonetics
___ phonetic transcription is important when assessing speakers with cleft palate, severe phonological disorders, or a hearing loss.
broad
specific
narrow
international
The corpus striatum is composed of which three masses:
mesencephalon, RAS, caudate nucleus
globus pallidus, caudate nucleus, putamen
supramarginal gyrus, angular gyrus, globus pallidus
putamen, caudate nucleus, basal ganglia
____ are high-frequency sounds that have longer duration and more stridency than most other consonants.
syllabics
approximants
obstruents
sibilants
____ is the study of hearing, perception, and the brain's processing of speech.
Experimental phonetics
Acoustic phonetics
Auditory phonetics
Applied phonetics
___ refers to the speed of speech
rate
Today most experts believe that the neurological underpinnings of language impairment have been identified in which areas of the brain?
Inferior parietal lobule & angular gyrus
central sulcus & inferior frontal sulcus
Heschl's gyrus & asymmetrical planum temporal
___ is the bending of the sound wave due to change in its speed of propagation:
refraction
____ refers to the study and explanation of the unique sound properties of various dialects and languages.
Experimental phonetics
Applied phonetics
Auditory phonetics
Descriptive phonetics
Morphology is the study of ___ ____.
Word structure
Which of the following do obstruents NOT include:
affricates
stops
fricatives
nasals
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for language disorders in children?
reduced use of gestures OR only through gestures
overly interested in social play
failure to follow simple instructions
failure to respond when asked to point to body parts
I have sensory branches to the nose, eyes, and forehead:
maxillary branch
ophthalmic branch
mandibular branch
Which of the following is NOT a function of language?
fast-mapping
commenting
protesting
labeling
ASD is most commonly manifested by the following EXCEPT:
deficits in stereotypic language
deficits in developing relationships
deficits social-emotional reciprocity
deficits in nonverbal communicative behaviors
Which is NOT a type of nerve fiber of the medullary center:
information
commissural
projection
association
Phonation Stage:
birth-1 month
4-6 months
2-4 months
6-8 months
About what percentage of kindergarten children exhibit SLI?
2-3%
4-5%
10-11%
7-8%