The therapy technique of "phonetic placement" is used to teach or establish:
auditory discrimination
minimal pair contrasts
stimulability
production of a phoneme in isolation
Intensity of normal conversational speech varies between __ dB and __ dB SPL.
50 dB and 70 dB SPL
We are "coronal" sounds (tongue blade is raised above the neutral schwa):
/m, n, p, b/
/h, w, f, v, k, g, j/
/k, g, f, v, w/
/r, l, n, s, z, t, d, ch, sh, th/
Behavior in which "signals" have an effect on the listener or observer but lack communicative intent:
illocutionary
perlocutionary
locutionary
Visually tracks, startle response, smiles reflexively:
4-6 months
Birth-3 months
10-12 months
7-9 months
I'm the direct motor activation pathway that is primarily responsible for facilitating voluntary movement (including speech):
extrapyramidal system
pyramidal system
Phonation Stage:
2-4 months
birth-1 month
4-6 months
6-8 months
Congenital malformations, genetic syndromes, and severe infectious diseases involve what type of risk for developing a language disorder?
at risk
established risk
___ refers to the abstract system of sounds; ___ refers to concrete productions of specific sounds.
phonetic; phonemic
phonemic; phonetic
______ are variations of phonemes:
Allophones
____ have both a fricative and stop quality:
nasals
liquids
glides
affricates
Present progressive morpheme:
-ing
-ed
-'s
-s
True or False?: Children with SLI have a known etiology or associated condition, such as sensorimotor problems, ID, or neurological impairment.
True
False
In Oller's stages of infant phonological development, reduplicated babbling precedes:
nonreduplicated or variegated babbling
cooing
explansion
reduplicated expansion
I have sensory branches to the upper lip, maxilla, upper cheek area, upper teeth, maxillary sinus, and palate:
maxillary branch
ophthalmic branch
mandibular branch
I connect areas of the brain within a hemisphere:
projection fibers
commissural fibers
association fibers
The subject receives the action of the verb in:
passive sentences
active sentences
exclamatory sentences
The ACA supplies blood to the:
corpus callosum and basal ganglia
caudate nucleus and globus pallidus
substantia negra
corpus striatum
_____ examines the relationship between articulation and the acoustic signal of speech.
Auditory phonetics
Acoustic phonetics
Descriptive phonetics
Physiological phonetics
I mainly support and protect the nerve cells; I do not transmit nerve impulses:
interneurons
glia cells
motor neurons
cranial nerves
I'm very important for speech because I contain descending fibers that transmit motor information to several CN nuclei:
medulla
midbrain
pons
spinal cord
____ are high-frequency sounds that have longer duration and more stridency than most other consonants.
approximants
obstruents
sibilants
syllabics
True or False?: SLI is not secondary to other developmental disabilities.
False
True
Marginal babbling, adult-like vowels, responds to name, vocal play:
birth-3 months
10-12 months
7-9 months
4-6 months
I'm the thinnest and most flexible part of the tongue and play an important role in articulation:
dorsum
tip
blade
root
I'm important for maintaining states of consciousness, such as sleep, drowsiness, alertness, and excitement
Diencephalon
Basal Ganglia
Reticular Activating System
Cerebellum
Most pharyngeal muscles are innervated by cranial nerves:
IX, X
XI, XII
VIII, X
X, XI
Which is NOT a biological function of the larynx?
phonation for speech
closure of the trachea to protect lungs
production of cough to clear airway
closure of VFs to build subglottic pressure
The SCERTS model emphasizes the importance of all of the following EXCEPT:
social communication
transactional supports
emotional regulation
increased auditory cues
Today most experts believe that the neurological underpinnings of language impairment have been identified in which areas of the brain?
Inferior parietal lobule & angular gyrus
Heschl's gyrus & asymmetrical planum temporal
central sulcus & inferior frontal sulcus
____ are produced with the least oral cavity restriction of all the consonants:
fricatives
glides
nasals
liquids
Understands up to 10 words, first true word, obeys some verbal commands, gives objects upon requests:
4-6 months
birth-3 months
10-12 months
7-9 months
The lowest frequency of a periodic wave is also known as:
the fundamental frequency or 1st harmonic
the fundamental frequency or 2nd harmonic
the first octave or the fundamental frequency
the formant frequency or 1st harmonic
About what percentage of kindergarten children exhibit SLI?
7-8%
2-3%
10-11%
4-5%
____ is the magnitude and direction of displacement:
amplitude
True or False?: The factor most highly related to SES status is the mother's educational level.
False
True
____ is the study of hearing, perception, and the brain's processing of speech.
Applied phonetics
Experimental phonetics
Acoustic phonetics
Auditory phonetics
"Man go store" is an example of deficits in what area?
Phonology
Morphology
Syntax
Semantics
____ refers to the study and explanation of the unique sound properties of various dialects and languages.
Experimental phonetics
Descriptive phonetics
Auditory phonetics
Applied phonetics
The prevalence of FASD is:
1 out of every 100-200 babies
1 out of every 500-600 babies
1 out of every 1000-1200 babies
1 out of every 800-900 babies
The /r/ and /l/ sounds may both be categorized as:
laterals
glides
rhotics
liquids
When a person is producing voiced and voiceless /th/, the muscle that is most involved is:
genioglossus
palatopharyngeus
buccinator
styloglossus
Variegated (nonreduplicated) babbling stage:
4-6 months
8 months-1 year
6-8 months
Morphological problems include omissions of which of the following?
comparatives and superlatives
turn taking
task shifting
An example of overextension would be:
calling only the family pet "dog" and not other dogs
calling all adult males "Daddy"
An octave is:
a measure of the magnitude
the unit of measure for frequency
an indication of interval between 2 frequencies
the amount of molecular displacement per unit of time
I help connect the brainstem and the cerebellum; I control many motor/sensory functions (postural/visual reflexes, eye movements, & head movements)
midbrain
pons
spinal cord
medulla
___ refers to the speed of speech
rate
Which of the following is NOT a layer of the vocal folds?
ventricular folds
lamina propria
vocalis muscle
epithelium
I'm the small region adjacent to the tip; in resting position, I lie just inferior to the alveolar ridge:
dorsum
blade
lingual frenulum
root
Prenatal/natal complications, chronic middle ear infections, and family history place involve what type of risk for developing a language disorder?
established risk
at-risk
_____ contains a set of linguistic descriptions of the world's speech sounds:
Place-Voice-Manner Analysis
Distinctive Feature Analysis
Which is NOT a type of nerve fiber of the medullary center:
projection
association
commissural
information
Which of the following is NOT a function of language?
fast-mapping
labeling
protesting
commenting
I'm the most common type of neuron in the nervous system; I link neurons with other neurons and play an important role in controlling movement:
sensory neurons
interneurons
motor neurons
Which is NOT a segment of the pharyngeal cavity?
mesopharynx
laryngopharynx
nasopharynx
oropharynx
I transmit information relative to movement from the cerebral hemispheres to the cerebellum; I'm involved with hearing and balance:
spinal cord
midbrain
medulla
pons
I'm the only "lateral" sound:
/t/
/l/
/r/
/s/
I receive information about motor impulses from the cerebellum and the basal ganglia and relay this information to the motor areas of the cerebral cortex; I'm critical for maintenance of consciousness
reticular activating system
globus pallidus
thalamus
cerebellum
.. under a phoneme is a diacritic for:
breathy
velarized
lowered
palatalized
____ is the auditory sensation of the frequency with which the vocal folds vibrate:
pitch
I'm responsible for carrying the impulses that control voluntary fine motor movements:
pyramidal system
extrapyramidal system
_ under a phoneme is a diacritic for:
nasalized
voiced
raised
retracted
I have sensory branches to the mandible, lower teeth, lower lip, tongue, part of the cheek, and external ear:
mandibular branch
maxillary branch
ophthalmic branch
Which of following counts as 1 morpheme?
writing
uh
choo-choo
swims
A semivowel that can be categorized as a voiced bilabial glide that is +anterior and +continuant is the:
/r/
/h/
/j/
/w/
Reduplicated babbling stage:
8 months-1 year
4-6 months
6-8 months
ASD is most commonly manifested by the following EXCEPT:
deficits in stereotypic language
deficits in nonverbal communicative behaviors
deficits social-emotional reciprocity
deficits in developing relationships
Important structure adjacent to the brainstem, contains hypothalamus/thalamus:
diencephalon
postcentral gyrus
superior cerebral peduncle
mesencephalon
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for language disorders in children:
prenatal conditions
neonatal conditions
perinatal conditions
antinatal conditions
I extend from the tips of the arytenoid cartilages to the larynx, separate the laryngeal vestibule from the pharynx, and preserve the airway. Who am I?
Lamina propina
Aryepiglottic folds
True vocal folds
Ventricular folds
Which of the following is NOT a primary cortical area involved in speech-motor control?
area 44 (Broca's)
area 6 (supplementary motor cortex)
area 4 (primary motor cortex)
area 22 (Wernicke's)
The two properties of a medium that affect sound transmission are:
mass & elasticity
pressure & force
compression & rarefaction
amplitude & intensity
The neurons that transmit information away from the brain are called:
efferent neurons
primary neurons
afferent neurons
peripheral neurons
I have sensory branches to the nose, eyes, and forehead:
maxillary branch
mandibular branch
ophthalmic branch
I'm the cranial nerve that innervates the larynx and also the levator veli palatini, palatoglossus, and palatopharyngeus muscles. Who am I?
XI: Spinal Accessory
XII: Hypoglossal
V: Trigeminal
X: Vagus
"A significant deficiency in the quantity of language learned and understood" fits into which category?
inadequate social communication
deficient grammar
limited amount of language
deficient literacy skills
Which of the following do obstruents NOT include:
affricates
nasals
stops
fricatives
Most children produce __ words by 18 months:
100
150
50
20
____ are produced by lowering the velum to keep the vp port open:
glides
nasals
affricates
fricatives
Syntax is the study of ___ ____.
sentence structure
Hemiplegia means:
either the two legs or two arms are paralyzed
one side of the body is paralyzed
only the legs are paralyzed
only one limb is paralyzed
I'm the largest area of the tongue that lies in contact with both the hard and soft palates:
root
tip
dorsum
blade
I create connections between the cortex and subcortical structures like the cerebellum, basal ganglia, brainstem, and spinal cord:
association fibers
projection fibers
commissural fibers
True or False?: The language of children with Intellectual Disability (ID) is delayed rather than deviant.
False
True
I provide all sensory information to the larynx and motor innervation solely to the cricothyroid muscle. Who am I?
Recurrent laryngeal nerve
Superior laryngeal nerve
___ phonetic transcription is important when assessing speakers with cleft palate, severe phonological disorders, or a hearing loss.
broad
specific
international
narrow
I supply all sensory information below the vocal folds. Who am I?
Superior laryngeal nerve
Recurrent laryngeal nerve
Phonology is the scientific study of:
the sound system and patterns used to create the sounds and words of a language
Comprehends "no", imitates intonation and speech sounds, variegated babbling, beginning of object permanence:
4-6 months
birth-3 months
7-9 months
10-12 months
Signaling to carry out some socially organized action, such as pointing and laughing:
perlocutionary
illocutionary
locutionary
___ is the bending of the sound wave due to change in its speed of propagation:
refraction
The estimated prevalence of children with ASD is:
1 in 79
1 in 68
1 in 26
1 in 111
Which of the following types of CP involves disturbed balance, awkward gait, and uncoordinated movements?
Spastic CP
Ataxic CP
Athetoid CP
Expansion stage:
6-8 months
8 months-1 year
4-6 months
Cooing/gooing stage:
2-4 months
birth-1 month
4-6 months
6-8 months
Morphology is the study of ___ ____.
Word structure
____ sounds include all vowels and /r, l/.
Consonantal
Nasal
Lateral
Vocalic
~ ABOVE a phoneme is a diacritic for:
dental
nasalized
lateralized
voiced
____ result from the continuous forcing of air through a narrow constriction:
fricatives
liquids
nasals
affricates
The articulation therapy approach that emphasizes the syllable as the basic unit of speech production and heavily uses the concept of phonetic environment is:
McCabe and Bradley's multiple phoneme approach
McDonald's sensorimotor approach
Van Riper's traditional approach
the maximal contrast approach
We are linguavelar sounds:
g, k, ng
I'm the only "low" consonant:
/n/
/r/
/w/
/h/
The 11 paired INTERNAL intercostals ______:
pull ribs downward
raise ribs up and out
Which of the following types of CP is characterized by slow, writhing, involuntary movements?
Spastic CP
Ataxic CP
Athetoid CP
~ under a phoneme is a diacritic for:
laminal
creaky
syllabic
more rounded
"Big doggy" =
denial
action
attribution
locative
___ are produced by a quick transition of the articulators as they move from a partially constricted state to a more open state for the vowels that follow them:
liquids
glides
stops
affricates
Phonetics is the study of:
speech sounds and their production and perception in terms of their articulatory and physical characteristics
True or False?: The sequence of language development in children with SLI is the same as that of a typically developing children.
False
True
A ___ is the smallest meaningful unit of a language.
phoneme
allomorph
morpheme
allophone
Lesions to me can result in unusual body postures, dysarthria, changes in body tone, and involuntary and uncontrolled movements:
basal ganglia
hypothalamus
cerebrum
thalamus
Which of the following types of CP involves increased tone/rigidity of muscles, as well as stiff, abrupt, slow movements?
Spastic CP
Ataxic CP
Athetoid CP
Which of the following counts as 2 morphemes?
Mommy's
um okay
birthday
kitty
Type-token ratio (TTR) assesses which of the following?
syntactical skills
phonological skills
semantic skills
morphological skills
The corpus striatum is composed of which three masses:
putamen, caudate nucleus, basal ganglia
mesencephalon, RAS, caudate nucleus
supramarginal gyrus, angular gyrus, globus pallidus
globus pallidus, caudate nucleus, putamen
The 11 paired EXTERNAL intercostals ______:
pull ribs downward
raise ribs up and out
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for language disorders in children?
overly interested in social play
reduced use of gestures OR only through gestures
failure to respond when asked to point to body parts
failure to follow simple instructions
Which type of CP is the most common type (making up 61-77% of all cases)?
Athetoid CP
Ataxic CP
Spastic CP
The PNS contains 3 types of nerves. Which is not one of those 3?
autonomic
cranial
spinal
central