In Oller's stages of infant phonological development, reduplicated babbling precedes:
cooing
explansion
nonreduplicated or variegated babbling
reduplicated expansion
Which of the following types of CP involves disturbed balance, awkward gait, and uncoordinated movements?
Athetoid CP
Spastic CP
Ataxic CP
Which of the following is NOT a primary cortical area involved in speech-motor control?
area 44 (Broca's)
area 6 (supplementary motor cortex)
area 4 (primary motor cortex)
area 22 (Wernicke's)
Present progressive morpheme:
-s
-'s
-ed
-ing
Which is NOT a biological function of the larynx?
closure of VFs to build subglottic pressure
closure of the trachea to protect lungs
phonation for speech
production of cough to clear airway
An octave is:
the unit of measure for frequency
the amount of molecular displacement per unit of time
an indication of interval between 2 frequencies
a measure of the magnitude
Today most experts believe that the neurological underpinnings of language impairment have been identified in which areas of the brain?
Inferior parietal lobule & angular gyrus
Heschl's gyrus & asymmetrical planum temporal
central sulcus & inferior frontal sulcus
Comprehends "no", imitates intonation and speech sounds, variegated babbling, beginning of object permanence:
4-6 months
birth-3 months
7-9 months
10-12 months
The PNS contains 3 types of nerves. Which is not one of those 3?
autonomic
central
cranial
spinal
Prenatal/natal complications, chronic middle ear infections, and family history place involve what type of risk for developing a language disorder?
established risk
at-risk
Morphological problems include omissions of which of the following?
task shifting
comparatives and superlatives
turn taking
I receive information about motor impulses from the cerebellum and the basal ganglia and relay this information to the motor areas of the cerebral cortex; I'm critical for maintenance of consciousness
reticular activating system
thalamus
cerebellum
globus pallidus
Most pharyngeal muscles are innervated by cranial nerves:
IX, X
VIII, X
X, XI
XI, XII
Which of the following types of CP involves increased tone/rigidity of muscles, as well as stiff, abrupt, slow movements?
Ataxic CP
Athetoid CP
Spastic CP
____ are produced with the least oral cavity restriction of all the consonants:
liquids
glides
nasals
fricatives
Expansion stage:
4-6 months
8 months-1 year
6-8 months
The subject receives the action of the verb in:
exclamatory sentences
active sentences
passive sentences
I help connect the brainstem and the cerebellum; I control many motor/sensory functions (postural/visual reflexes, eye movements, & head movements)
pons
medulla
spinal cord
midbrain
Congenital malformations, genetic syndromes, and severe infectious diseases involve what type of risk for developing a language disorder?
at risk
established risk
I'm important for maintaining states of consciousness, such as sleep, drowsiness, alertness, and excitement
Basal Ganglia
Reticular Activating System
Cerebellum
Diencephalon
The articulation therapy approach that emphasizes the syllable as the basic unit of speech production and heavily uses the concept of phonetic environment is:
McDonald's sensorimotor approach
McCabe and Bradley's multiple phoneme approach
the maximal contrast approach
Van Riper's traditional approach
Lesions to me can result in unusual body postures, dysarthria, changes in body tone, and involuntary and uncontrolled movements:
hypothalamus
thalamus
basal ganglia
cerebrum
Most children produce __ words by 18 months:
50
20
150
100
Which of the following is NOT a function of language?
labeling
protesting
fast-mapping
commenting
I have sensory branches to the mandible, lower teeth, lower lip, tongue, part of the cheek, and external ear:
ophthalmic branch
mandibular branch
maxillary branch
I transmit information relative to movement from the cerebral hemispheres to the cerebellum; I'm involved with hearing and balance:
spinal cord
midbrain
pons
medulla
____ sounds include all vowels and /r, l/.
Consonantal
Nasal
Lateral
Vocalic
The two properties of a medium that affect sound transmission are:
pressure & force
amplitude & intensity
compression & rarefaction
mass & elasticity
Type-token ratio (TTR) assesses which of the following?
morphological skills
phonological skills
syntactical skills
semantic skills
I'm the most common type of neuron in the nervous system; I link neurons with other neurons and play an important role in controlling movement:
interneurons
motor neurons
sensory neurons
Phonation Stage:
birth-1 month
4-6 months
6-8 months
2-4 months
I'm the cranial nerve that innervates the larynx and also the levator veli palatini, palatoglossus, and palatopharyngeus muscles. Who am I?
X: Vagus
XI: Spinal Accessory
V: Trigeminal
XII: Hypoglossal
___ refers to the abstract system of sounds; ___ refers to concrete productions of specific sounds.
phonetic; phonemic
phonemic; phonetic
When a person is producing voiced and voiceless /th/, the muscle that is most involved is:
genioglossus
styloglossus
buccinator
palatopharyngeus
I have sensory branches to the upper lip, maxilla, upper cheek area, upper teeth, maxillary sinus, and palate:
maxillary branch
mandibular branch
ophthalmic branch
An example of overextension would be:
calling all adult males "Daddy"
calling only the family pet "dog" and not other dogs
Marginal babbling, adult-like vowels, responds to name, vocal play:
birth-3 months
10-12 months
7-9 months
4-6 months
We are "coronal" sounds (tongue blade is raised above the neutral schwa):
/m, n, p, b/
/k, g, f, v, w/
/r, l, n, s, z, t, d, ch, sh, th/
/h, w, f, v, k, g, j/
I supply all sensory information below the vocal folds. Who am I?
Recurrent laryngeal nerve
Superior laryngeal nerve
~ ABOVE a phoneme is a diacritic for:
voiced
lateralized
dental
nasalized
True or False?: The factor most highly related to SES status is the mother's educational level.
True
False
Which of following counts as 1 morpheme?
uh
choo-choo
writing
swims
A semivowel that can be categorized as a voiced bilabial glide that is +anterior and +continuant is the:
/r/
/w/
/j/
/h/
____ are produced by lowering the velum to keep the vp port open:
nasals
fricatives
glides
affricates
Which type of CP is the most common type (making up 61-77% of all cases)?
Ataxic CP
Spastic CP
Athetoid CP
I'm the only "low" consonant:
/n/
/r/
/h/
/w/
Reduplicated babbling stage:
4-6 months
8 months-1 year
6-8 months
I create connections between the cortex and subcortical structures like the cerebellum, basal ganglia, brainstem, and spinal cord:
commissural fibers
association fibers
projection fibers
I'm the small region adjacent to the tip; in resting position, I lie just inferior to the alveolar ridge:
dorsum
root
lingual frenulum
blade
I'm the thinnest and most flexible part of the tongue and play an important role in articulation:
tip
root
dorsum
blade
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for language disorders in children?
failure to respond when asked to point to body parts
reduced use of gestures OR only through gestures
overly interested in social play
failure to follow simple instructions
Morphology is the study of ___ ____.
Word structure
Variegated (nonreduplicated) babbling stage:
8 months-1 year
4-6 months
6-8 months
Which of the following is NOT a layer of the vocal folds?
ventricular folds
epithelium
vocalis muscle
lamina propria
Which of the following types of CP is characterized by slow, writhing, involuntary movements?
Athetoid CP
Ataxic CP
Spastic CP
Behavior in which "signals" have an effect on the listener or observer but lack communicative intent:
illocutionary
perlocutionary
locutionary
True or False?: Children with SLI have a known etiology or associated condition, such as sensorimotor problems, ID, or neurological impairment.
True
False
A ___ is the smallest meaningful unit of a language.
morpheme
allophone
phoneme
allomorph
I'm the direct motor activation pathway that is primarily responsible for facilitating voluntary movement (including speech):
extrapyramidal system
pyramidal system
____ is the auditory sensation of the frequency with which the vocal folds vibrate:
pitch
Which of the following do obstruents NOT include:
affricates
stops
fricatives
nasals
_____ examines the relationship between articulation and the acoustic signal of speech.
Acoustic phonetics
Auditory phonetics
Descriptive phonetics
Physiological phonetics
The 11 paired EXTERNAL intercostals ______:
pull ribs downward
raise ribs up and out
The prevalence of FASD is:
1 out of every 500-600 babies
1 out of every 1000-1200 babies
1 out of every 800-900 babies
1 out of every 100-200 babies
I'm very important for speech because I contain descending fibers that transmit motor information to several CN nuclei:
pons
midbrain
spinal cord
medulla
"A significant deficiency in the quantity of language learned and understood" fits into which category?
deficient grammar
deficient literacy skills
inadequate social communication
limited amount of language
_ under a phoneme is a diacritic for:
raised
retracted
voiced
nasalized
Understands up to 10 words, first true word, obeys some verbal commands, gives objects upon requests:
7-9 months
10-12 months
birth-3 months
4-6 months
___ refers to the speed of speech
rate
______ are variations of phonemes:
Allophones
I connect areas of the brain within a hemisphere:
projection fibers
association fibers
commissural fibers
The lowest frequency of a periodic wave is also known as:
the fundamental frequency or 2nd harmonic
the formant frequency or 1st harmonic
the fundamental frequency or 1st harmonic
the first octave or the fundamental frequency
About what percentage of kindergarten children exhibit SLI?
4-5%
7-8%
2-3%
10-11%
____ are high-frequency sounds that have longer duration and more stridency than most other consonants.
syllabics
obstruents
sibilants
approximants
____ refers to the study and explanation of the unique sound properties of various dialects and languages.
Descriptive phonetics
Applied phonetics
Experimental phonetics
Auditory phonetics
We are linguavelar sounds:
g, k, ng
ASD is most commonly manifested by the following EXCEPT:
deficits in nonverbal communicative behaviors
deficits social-emotional reciprocity
deficits in developing relationships
deficits in stereotypic language
"Big doggy" =
action
denial
locative
attribution
I extend from the tips of the arytenoid cartilages to the larynx, separate the laryngeal vestibule from the pharynx, and preserve the airway. Who am I?
True vocal folds
Lamina propina
Aryepiglottic folds
Ventricular folds
The neurons that transmit information away from the brain are called:
efferent neurons
primary neurons
peripheral neurons
afferent neurons
True or False?: The sequence of language development in children with SLI is the same as that of a typically developing children.
True
False
____ is the magnitude and direction of displacement:
amplitude
The ACA supplies blood to the:
corpus striatum
caudate nucleus and globus pallidus
substantia negra
corpus callosum and basal ganglia
___ phonetic transcription is important when assessing speakers with cleft palate, severe phonological disorders, or a hearing loss.
broad
narrow
specific
international
Signaling to carry out some socially organized action, such as pointing and laughing:
locutionary
perlocutionary
illocutionary
I have sensory branches to the nose, eyes, and forehead:
mandibular branch
maxillary branch
ophthalmic branch
___ are produced by a quick transition of the articulators as they move from a partially constricted state to a more open state for the vowels that follow them:
liquids
stops
glides
affricates
.. under a phoneme is a diacritic for:
palatalized
velarized
breathy
lowered
I mainly support and protect the nerve cells; I do not transmit nerve impulses:
glia cells
interneurons
cranial nerves
motor neurons
Visually tracks, startle response, smiles reflexively:
4-6 months
7-9 months
10-12 months
Birth-3 months
The estimated prevalence of children with ASD is:
1 in 111
1 in 26
1 in 79
1 in 68
____ result from the continuous forcing of air through a narrow constriction:
fricatives
nasals
liquids
affricates
I'm the largest area of the tongue that lies in contact with both the hard and soft palates:
root
tip
blade
dorsum
Cooing/gooing stage:
4-6 months
2-4 months
6-8 months
birth-1 month
Which is NOT a type of nerve fiber of the medullary center:
commissural
projection
association
information
Which of the following counts as 2 morphemes?
um okay
kitty
Mommy's
birthday
____ have both a fricative and stop quality:
affricates
glides
liquids
nasals
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for language disorders in children:
prenatal conditions
perinatal conditions
neonatal conditions
antinatal conditions
The /r/ and /l/ sounds may both be categorized as:
laterals
liquids
glides
rhotics
"Man go store" is an example of deficits in what area?
Phonology
Syntax
Semantics
Morphology
The SCERTS model emphasizes the importance of all of the following EXCEPT:
social communication
increased auditory cues
transactional supports
emotional regulation
I'm responsible for carrying the impulses that control voluntary fine motor movements:
pyramidal system
extrapyramidal system
____ is the study of hearing, perception, and the brain's processing of speech.
Experimental phonetics
Auditory phonetics
Applied phonetics
Acoustic phonetics
True or False?: The language of children with Intellectual Disability (ID) is delayed rather than deviant.
True
False
The therapy technique of "phonetic placement" is used to teach or establish:
minimal pair contrasts
auditory discrimination
stimulability
production of a phoneme in isolation
_____ contains a set of linguistic descriptions of the world's speech sounds:
Distinctive Feature Analysis
Place-Voice-Manner Analysis
Syntax is the study of ___ ____.
sentence structure
Which is NOT a segment of the pharyngeal cavity?
laryngopharynx
nasopharynx
oropharynx
mesopharynx
True or False?: SLI is not secondary to other developmental disabilities.
False
True
Intensity of normal conversational speech varies between __ dB and __ dB SPL.
50 dB and 70 dB SPL
I provide all sensory information to the larynx and motor innervation solely to the cricothyroid muscle. Who am I?
Recurrent laryngeal nerve
Superior laryngeal nerve
Phonology is the scientific study of:
the sound system and patterns used to create the sounds and words of a language
~ under a phoneme is a diacritic for:
syllabic
laminal
more rounded
creaky
Hemiplegia means:
only the legs are paralyzed
only one limb is paralyzed
one side of the body is paralyzed
either the two legs or two arms are paralyzed
The 11 paired INTERNAL intercostals ______:
pull ribs downward
raise ribs up and out
The corpus striatum is composed of which three masses:
putamen, caudate nucleus, basal ganglia
supramarginal gyrus, angular gyrus, globus pallidus
mesencephalon, RAS, caudate nucleus
globus pallidus, caudate nucleus, putamen
Phonetics is the study of:
speech sounds and their production and perception in terms of their articulatory and physical characteristics
I'm the only "lateral" sound:
/t/
/l/
/s/
/r/
___ is the bending of the sound wave due to change in its speed of propagation:
refraction
Important structure adjacent to the brainstem, contains hypothalamus/thalamus:
postcentral gyrus
mesencephalon
superior cerebral peduncle
diencephalon