______ are variations of phonemes:
Allophones
Visually tracks, startle response, smiles reflexively:
Birth-3 months
10-12 months
4-6 months
7-9 months
Which of the following do obstruents NOT include:
fricatives
affricates
stops
nasals
Which of the following types of CP is characterized by slow, writhing, involuntary movements?
Spastic CP
Ataxic CP
Athetoid CP
_____ examines the relationship between articulation and the acoustic signal of speech.
Physiological phonetics
Acoustic phonetics
Auditory phonetics
Descriptive phonetics
"Big doggy" =
action
attribution
locative
denial
I transmit information relative to movement from the cerebral hemispheres to the cerebellum; I'm involved with hearing and balance:
spinal cord
medulla
midbrain
pons
Present progressive morpheme:
-ed
-'s
-ing
-s
.. under a phoneme is a diacritic for:
breathy
palatalized
velarized
lowered
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for language disorders in children?
reduced use of gestures OR only through gestures
overly interested in social play
failure to follow simple instructions
failure to respond when asked to point to body parts
Which of the following is NOT a layer of the vocal folds?
lamina propria
ventricular folds
vocalis muscle
epithelium
Which of the following is NOT a primary cortical area involved in speech-motor control?
area 4 (primary motor cortex)
area 22 (Wernicke's)
area 44 (Broca's)
area 6 (supplementary motor cortex)
Morphological problems include omissions of which of the following?
comparatives and superlatives
turn taking
task shifting
True or False?: Children with SLI have a known etiology or associated condition, such as sensorimotor problems, ID, or neurological impairment.
False
True
I receive information about motor impulses from the cerebellum and the basal ganglia and relay this information to the motor areas of the cerebral cortex; I'm critical for maintenance of consciousness
reticular activating system
globus pallidus
thalamus
cerebellum
I'm the direct motor activation pathway that is primarily responsible for facilitating voluntary movement (including speech):
pyramidal system
extrapyramidal system
Signaling to carry out some socially organized action, such as pointing and laughing:
perlocutionary
illocutionary
locutionary
Hemiplegia means:
one side of the body is paralyzed
only one limb is paralyzed
either the two legs or two arms are paralyzed
only the legs are paralyzed
Which of the following types of CP involves increased tone/rigidity of muscles, as well as stiff, abrupt, slow movements?
Spastic CP
Athetoid CP
Ataxic CP
The two properties of a medium that affect sound transmission are:
amplitude & intensity
compression & rarefaction
pressure & force
mass & elasticity
Syntax is the study of ___ ____.
sentence structure
Variegated (nonreduplicated) babbling stage:
8 months-1 year
4-6 months
6-8 months
The lowest frequency of a periodic wave is also known as:
the first octave or the fundamental frequency
the formant frequency or 1st harmonic
the fundamental frequency or 2nd harmonic
the fundamental frequency or 1st harmonic
___ refers to the abstract system of sounds; ___ refers to concrete productions of specific sounds.
phonemic; phonetic
phonetic; phonemic
I help connect the brainstem and the cerebellum; I control many motor/sensory functions (postural/visual reflexes, eye movements, & head movements)
spinal cord
medulla
midbrain
pons
____ are high-frequency sounds that have longer duration and more stridency than most other consonants.
obstruents
syllabics
approximants
sibilants
I provide all sensory information to the larynx and motor innervation solely to the cricothyroid muscle. Who am I?
Superior laryngeal nerve
Recurrent laryngeal nerve
I create connections between the cortex and subcortical structures like the cerebellum, basal ganglia, brainstem, and spinal cord:
association fibers
projection fibers
commissural fibers
The neurons that transmit information away from the brain are called:
afferent neurons
primary neurons
peripheral neurons
efferent neurons
In Oller's stages of infant phonological development, reduplicated babbling precedes:
cooing
nonreduplicated or variegated babbling
explansion
reduplicated expansion
___ phonetic transcription is important when assessing speakers with cleft palate, severe phonological disorders, or a hearing loss.
international
specific
narrow
broad
Which is NOT a type of nerve fiber of the medullary center:
commissural
information
association
projection
I'm the most common type of neuron in the nervous system; I link neurons with other neurons and play an important role in controlling movement:
motor neurons
sensory neurons
interneurons
Most pharyngeal muscles are innervated by cranial nerves:
VIII, X
X, XI
IX, X
XI, XII
____ are produced by lowering the velum to keep the vp port open:
fricatives
glides
nasals
affricates
Lesions to me can result in unusual body postures, dysarthria, changes in body tone, and involuntary and uncontrolled movements:
hypothalamus
basal ganglia
cerebrum
thalamus
The articulation therapy approach that emphasizes the syllable as the basic unit of speech production and heavily uses the concept of phonetic environment is:
McCabe and Bradley's multiple phoneme approach
the maximal contrast approach
Van Riper's traditional approach
McDonald's sensorimotor approach
I'm the small region adjacent to the tip; in resting position, I lie just inferior to the alveolar ridge:
dorsum
blade
root
lingual frenulum
An octave is:
an indication of interval between 2 frequencies
the unit of measure for frequency
a measure of the magnitude
the amount of molecular displacement per unit of time
We are "coronal" sounds (tongue blade is raised above the neutral schwa):
/m, n, p, b/
/r, l, n, s, z, t, d, ch, sh, th/
/k, g, f, v, w/
/h, w, f, v, k, g, j/
I have sensory branches to the nose, eyes, and forehead:
maxillary branch
mandibular branch
ophthalmic branch
Comprehends "no", imitates intonation and speech sounds, variegated babbling, beginning of object permanence:
birth-3 months
4-6 months
7-9 months
10-12 months
I connect areas of the brain within a hemisphere:
projection fibers
association fibers
commissural fibers
Important structure adjacent to the brainstem, contains hypothalamus/thalamus:
postcentral gyrus
mesencephalon
superior cerebral peduncle
diencephalon
True or False?: The language of children with Intellectual Disability (ID) is delayed rather than deviant.
True
False
___ is the bending of the sound wave due to change in its speed of propagation:
refraction
_____ contains a set of linguistic descriptions of the world's speech sounds:
Place-Voice-Manner Analysis
Distinctive Feature Analysis
~ under a phoneme is a diacritic for:
creaky
more rounded
laminal
syllabic
Expansion stage:
4-6 months
8 months-1 year
6-8 months
A ___ is the smallest meaningful unit of a language.
morpheme
allophone
allomorph
phoneme
I'm the cranial nerve that innervates the larynx and also the levator veli palatini, palatoglossus, and palatopharyngeus muscles. Who am I?
X: Vagus
XI: Spinal Accessory
XII: Hypoglossal
V: Trigeminal
"A significant deficiency in the quantity of language learned and understood" fits into which category?
deficient grammar
deficient literacy skills
inadequate social communication
limited amount of language
I extend from the tips of the arytenoid cartilages to the larynx, separate the laryngeal vestibule from the pharynx, and preserve the airway. Who am I?
Ventricular folds
Aryepiglottic folds
True vocal folds
Lamina propina
"Man go store" is an example of deficits in what area?
Morphology
Phonology
Syntax
Semantics
Congenital malformations, genetic syndromes, and severe infectious diseases involve what type of risk for developing a language disorder?
established risk
at risk
Which of following counts as 1 morpheme?
uh
writing
swims
choo-choo
Reduplicated babbling stage:
8 months-1 year
6-8 months
4-6 months
Most children produce __ words by 18 months:
20
50
100
150
Cooing/gooing stage:
4-6 months
6-8 months
2-4 months
birth-1 month
Which of the following is NOT a function of language?
protesting
labeling
fast-mapping
commenting
____ result from the continuous forcing of air through a narrow constriction:
fricatives
affricates
nasals
liquids
____ are produced with the least oral cavity restriction of all the consonants:
fricatives
glides
nasals
liquids
I'm the only "lateral" sound:
/s/
/t/
/r/
/l/
True or False?: The factor most highly related to SES status is the mother's educational level.
False
True
I'm very important for speech because I contain descending fibers that transmit motor information to several CN nuclei:
spinal cord
midbrain
pons
medulla
____ is the study of hearing, perception, and the brain's processing of speech.
Auditory phonetics
Acoustic phonetics
Experimental phonetics
Applied phonetics
Which type of CP is the most common type (making up 61-77% of all cases)?
Spastic CP
Athetoid CP
Ataxic CP
The subject receives the action of the verb in:
passive sentences
active sentences
exclamatory sentences
I mainly support and protect the nerve cells; I do not transmit nerve impulses:
interneurons
cranial nerves
motor neurons
glia cells
Understands up to 10 words, first true word, obeys some verbal commands, gives objects upon requests:
birth-3 months
10-12 months
4-6 months
7-9 months
The therapy technique of "phonetic placement" is used to teach or establish:
stimulability
minimal pair contrasts
production of a phoneme in isolation
auditory discrimination
____ is the auditory sensation of the frequency with which the vocal folds vibrate:
pitch
The PNS contains 3 types of nerves. Which is not one of those 3?
central
cranial
spinal
autonomic
The 11 paired EXTERNAL intercostals ______:
raise ribs up and out
pull ribs downward
____ is the magnitude and direction of displacement:
amplitude
The SCERTS model emphasizes the importance of all of the following EXCEPT:
transactional supports
emotional regulation
social communication
increased auditory cues
Marginal babbling, adult-like vowels, responds to name, vocal play:
10-12 months
4-6 months
birth-3 months
7-9 months
Phonation Stage:
2-4 months
4-6 months
birth-1 month
6-8 months
I have sensory branches to the mandible, lower teeth, lower lip, tongue, part of the cheek, and external ear:
ophthalmic branch
mandibular branch
maxillary branch
Which of the following types of CP involves disturbed balance, awkward gait, and uncoordinated movements?
Spastic CP
Ataxic CP
Athetoid CP
____ have both a fricative and stop quality:
affricates
liquids
glides
nasals
~ ABOVE a phoneme is a diacritic for:
voiced
lateralized
nasalized
dental
Which is NOT a segment of the pharyngeal cavity?
laryngopharynx
oropharynx
mesopharynx
nasopharynx
The estimated prevalence of children with ASD is:
1 in 111
1 in 79
1 in 26
1 in 68
Behavior in which "signals" have an effect on the listener or observer but lack communicative intent:
perlocutionary
locutionary
illocutionary
An example of overextension would be:
calling only the family pet "dog" and not other dogs
calling all adult males "Daddy"
I'm responsible for carrying the impulses that control voluntary fine motor movements:
extrapyramidal system
pyramidal system
I have sensory branches to the upper lip, maxilla, upper cheek area, upper teeth, maxillary sinus, and palate:
ophthalmic branch
maxillary branch
mandibular branch
Type-token ratio (TTR) assesses which of the following?
morphological skills
phonological skills
syntactical skills
semantic skills
When a person is producing voiced and voiceless /th/, the muscle that is most involved is:
styloglossus
genioglossus
buccinator
palatopharyngeus
____ sounds include all vowels and /r, l/.
Consonantal
Lateral
Vocalic
Nasal
I'm important for maintaining states of consciousness, such as sleep, drowsiness, alertness, and excitement
Diencephalon
Cerebellum
Reticular Activating System
Basal Ganglia
I'm the only "low" consonant:
/w/
/n/
/h/
/r/
Which is NOT a biological function of the larynx?
closure of the trachea to protect lungs
phonation for speech
production of cough to clear airway
closure of VFs to build subglottic pressure
Intensity of normal conversational speech varies between __ dB and __ dB SPL.
50 dB and 70 dB SPL
A semivowel that can be categorized as a voiced bilabial glide that is +anterior and +continuant is the:
/h/
/j/
/w/
/r/
____ refers to the study and explanation of the unique sound properties of various dialects and languages.
Auditory phonetics
Applied phonetics
Experimental phonetics
Descriptive phonetics
Which of the following counts as 2 morphemes?
Mommy's
birthday
kitty
um okay
About what percentage of kindergarten children exhibit SLI?
7-8%
2-3%
4-5%
10-11%
___ refers to the speed of speech
rate
True or False?: The sequence of language development in children with SLI is the same as that of a typically developing children.
False
True
Today most experts believe that the neurological underpinnings of language impairment have been identified in which areas of the brain?
Heschl's gyrus & asymmetrical planum temporal
Inferior parietal lobule & angular gyrus
central sulcus & inferior frontal sulcus
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for language disorders in children:
antinatal conditions
neonatal conditions
perinatal conditions
prenatal conditions
The ACA supplies blood to the:
corpus striatum
substantia negra
corpus callosum and basal ganglia
caudate nucleus and globus pallidus
The prevalence of FASD is:
1 out of every 800-900 babies
1 out of every 500-600 babies
1 out of every 1000-1200 babies
1 out of every 100-200 babies
I supply all sensory information below the vocal folds. Who am I?
Recurrent laryngeal nerve
Superior laryngeal nerve
I'm the thinnest and most flexible part of the tongue and play an important role in articulation:
dorsum
tip
root
blade
Phonetics is the study of:
speech sounds and their production and perception in terms of their articulatory and physical characteristics
I'm the largest area of the tongue that lies in contact with both the hard and soft palates:
dorsum
root
tip
blade
Prenatal/natal complications, chronic middle ear infections, and family history place involve what type of risk for developing a language disorder?
at-risk
established risk
___ are produced by a quick transition of the articulators as they move from a partially constricted state to a more open state for the vowels that follow them:
stops
liquids
glides
affricates
True or False?: SLI is not secondary to other developmental disabilities.
False
True
Phonology is the scientific study of:
the sound system and patterns used to create the sounds and words of a language
The 11 paired INTERNAL intercostals ______:
raise ribs up and out
pull ribs downward
Morphology is the study of ___ ____.
Word structure
The /r/ and /l/ sounds may both be categorized as:
laterals
glides
rhotics
liquids
The corpus striatum is composed of which three masses:
supramarginal gyrus, angular gyrus, globus pallidus
putamen, caudate nucleus, basal ganglia
globus pallidus, caudate nucleus, putamen
mesencephalon, RAS, caudate nucleus
_ under a phoneme is a diacritic for:
nasalized
raised
retracted
voiced
ASD is most commonly manifested by the following EXCEPT:
deficits in developing relationships
deficits in nonverbal communicative behaviors
deficits in stereotypic language
deficits social-emotional reciprocity
We are linguavelar sounds:
g, k, ng