Used to lead the audience to a particular conclusion.
Ethos
Using an expert opinion or referring to someone with authority to make an argument seem more credible.
Pathos
Any words that have an emotional effect on the audience.
Second-person language
Speaking directly to the audience (you/your) to make them feel connected/responsible etc.
Exaggeration/Hyperbole
Used to make an issue seem more extreme.
Imperative language
Giving commands, e.g. you must do this now. This leaves little room for argument from the audience.
High modality language
Strong, definitive words such as ‘always’ or ‘never’ used to reinforce the strength of an argument.
Simile
Making a comparison between two things using ‘like’ or ‘as’.
Juxtaposition
When two opposite viewpoints, ideas or concepts are placed close to each other for effect.
Repetition
Emphasises and reinforces particular ideas.
Personal anecdote
A very short story that is significant to the topic at hand that adds personal knowledge and/or experience to the topic, making the speaker more relatable.
Inclusive language
Use of words such as ‘we’ or ‘our’ to create the impression that the writer and reader are on the same side.
Metaphor
Used to persuade by making a direct comparison between two things.
Logos
Statistics and other data are used to make an argument more logical and convincing.
Jargon
Technical language used to make the writer sound more knowledgeable.
Tricolon
Three parallel clauses, phrases, or words the come in quick succession without any interruption, to give a greater sense of roundness and completeness.
Alliteration
Use of words beginning with the same letter to create emphasis and draw attention. Often used to create memorable slogans.
Colloquial language
Everyday, informal language used by writers to make them seem down-to-earth and realistic.
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