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What three factors affect precipitation?

Prevailing winds, presence of mountains, and seasonal winds.

List three of the six climate regions.

Tropical rainy, dry, temperate marine, temperate continental, polar, and highlands

Explain how distance from large bodies of water can affect the temperature of nearby land areas.

Water heats and cools more slowly than land slowing the heating and cooling of nearby land areas.

How is global warming different from earlier changes in Earth's climate?

Human-caused global warming can be limited. Natural changes can't be controlled.

What climate region is semiarid with short grasses and low bushes?

Steppe

Why are rainforests common in tropical wet regions?

There are high temperatures and heavy rainfall year-round.

When do trees grow thicker rings?

In years where they grow more because their needs are met

What are possible natural explanations for major climate changes?

Movement of continents, variations in the position of the Earth relative to the sun, major volcanic eruptions, and changes in the sun's energy output

What factors do scientists use to classify climates?

Temperature, Precipitation, and Vegetation

The long-term weather in an area is its climate which includes what three things?

Average temperature, precipitation, and wind.

How is Earth's climate affected by major volcanic eruptions?

Aerosols and ash from eruptions can reduce the amount of solar radiation reaching Earth's surface which causes climates to cool.

What four factors affect temperature?

latitude, altitude, distance from large bodies of water, and ocean currents

What important principle do scientists follow in studying ancient climates?

If plants and animals today need certain conditions to live, then similar plants and animals in the past also required those conditions.

What change in the atmosphere appears to contribute to global warming?

Increased carbon dioxide

How are summer monsoons different from winter monsoons?

Winter monsoons blow dry air off land; summer monsoons blow moisture onto land.

How does the movement of continents explain changes in climate over millions of years?

Latitude affects temperature.

What is probably the main cause of ice ages?

Variations in Earth's orbit

In which temperature zone (tropical, temperate, or polar) do temperatures range from warm or hot summers to cool or cold winters?

Temperate Zones

How can human activities cause global temperatures to rise?

By increasing the level of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

What are effects of global warming?

Melting glaciers, rising sea levels, drought, desertification, changes in the biosphere, and regional changes in temperature.

What are solutions for limiting global warming?

Finding clean sources of energy, being more energy efficient, and removing carbon from fossil fuel emissions.

What do greenhouse gases absorb?

Infrared energy in Earth's atmosphere

Which temperature zone (tropical, temperate, or polar) has the highest average temperatures all year? Why?

Tropical zone because it's near the equator

What are sunspots?

Dark, cooler regions on the surface of the sun.

Why are highland regions considered a climate region?

Temperatures fall as altitude increases, so highland regions are colder than the regions that surround them.