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What four factors affect temperature?
latitude, altitude, distance from large bodies of water, and ocean currents
What three factors affect precipitation?
Prevailing winds, presence of mountains, and seasonal winds.
In which temperature zone (tropical, temperate, or polar) do temperatures range from warm or hot summers to cool or cold winters?
Temperate Zones
The long-term weather in an area is its climate which includes what three things?
Average temperature, precipitation, and wind.
Which temperature zone (tropical, temperate, or polar) has the highest average temperatures all year? Why?
Tropical zone because it's near the equator
Explain how distance from large bodies of water can affect the temperature of nearby land areas.
Water heats and cools more slowly than land slowing the heating and cooling of nearby land areas.
How are summer monsoons different from winter monsoons?
Winter monsoons blow dry air off land; summer monsoons blow moisture onto land.
What factors do scientists use to classify climates?
Temperature, Precipitation, and Vegetation
List three of the six climate regions.
Tropical rainy, dry, temperate marine, temperate continental, polar, and highlands
What important principle do scientists follow in studying ancient climates?
If plants and animals today need certain conditions to live, then similar plants and animals in the past also required those conditions.
What are possible natural explanations for major climate changes?
Movement of continents, variations in the position of the Earth relative to the sun, major volcanic eruptions, and changes in the sun's energy output
What climate region is semiarid with short grasses and low bushes?
Steppe
Why are rainforests common in tropical wet regions?
There are high temperatures and heavy rainfall year-round.
Why are highland regions considered a climate region?
Temperatures fall as altitude increases, so highland regions are colder than the regions that surround them.
How can human activities cause global temperatures to rise?
By increasing the level of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
What are effects of global warming?
Melting glaciers, rising sea levels, drought, desertification, changes in the biosphere, and regional changes in temperature.
