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Fundamentals Midterm Quiz

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  • The acid-base balance is regulated by the lungs and the:
    liver.
    electrolytes.
    kidneys.
    cerebellum.
  • Tachycardia refers to a pulse that is:
    greater than 100 beats per minute.
    irregular.
    weak
    fewer than 60 beats per minute.
  • What is an example of an element that can release radiation?
    sarin
    botulism
    chlorine
    plutonium
  • Excessive use of salt substitutes can cause an excess of which electrolyte?
    sodium
    calcium
    potassium
    magnesium
  • Infections spread most easily to others from body secretions found on or in:
    hospital magazines and books
    nasal secretions, coughing, and contaminated blood.
    hospital linens that are not washed in hot water.
    patient clothing
  • What pathogen does not cause an immune response?
    helminths
    mycoplasmas
    prions
    fungi
  • On the patient’s intake and output record (I & O), continuous tube feeding would be counted as the:
    output
    intact
    deficit
    surplus
  • Vitamins absorbed in the small bowel are known as:
    carotenoids
    fat-soluable
    antioxidants
    water-soluable
  • Body mechanics require the individual to use which of the following during lifting?
    Extension of the elbows
    A solid and narrow base of support
    Proper alignment
    Stationary position to prevent a pivot
  • The pronounced, lateral curvature of the spine is called:
    kyphosis
    distention
    lordosis
    scoliosis
  • Which of the following considerations should be followed when using a safety razor?
    Ensure that the razor is dull to prevent cutting.
    Let the skin hang loosely.
    Hold the razor at a 90-degree angle to the skin.
    Lubricate the skin.
  • How often must the nurse remove a patient’s protective device and change the patient’s position?
    every 30 minutes
    every 4 hours
    every 8 hours
    every 2 hours
  • A tendon connects:
    muscle to bone
    bone to bone
    cartilage to bursa
    muscle to bone
  • A serum lab value that indicates the patient’s protein level is the:
    BMI
    protein index
    serum albumin
    serum hemoglobin
  • The shift of calcium excess into the bone creates a condition known as:
    hyponatremia.
    hyperkalemia.
    hypervolemia.
    hypocalcemia.
  • Kinesiology is the study of:
    body mechanics.
    joint dysfunction
    muscle-building
    body chemistry
  • The body’s use of protein and muscle breakdown to combat starvation is known as:
    nutritional deficiency
    kwashiorkor
    marasmus
    metabolism
  • What technique is performed with the hands and uses touch to feel various body parts during physical examination?
    Palpation
    olfaction
    auscultation
    percussion
  • A ligament connects:
    muscle to bursa
    muscle to muscle
    cartilage to bone
    muscle to bone
  • The patient with excess fluid volume will have blood pressure that is:
    even
    elevated
    normal
    lowered
  • Health maintenance organizations provide:
    prepaid health insurance for health plan members.
    rehabilitation service for a fee.
    end-of-life insurance for the elderly.
    long-term care services in the hospital.
  • What should be the approximate temperature for the water when bathing a patient?
    120° F
    90° F
    105° F
    75° F
  • Which of the following statements is true about older patients?
    Older patients have an overactive immune system.
    Older patients have fewer immune cells available to fight in
    Older patients have a weakened immune system because they te
    Older patients have a weakened immune system because they te
  • The food source that provides the most saturated fatty acids is:
    dairy food sources
    cholesterol
    grains
    animal food sources
  • The best way to maintain the center of gravity while making a bed is to:
    lift the patient first.
    raise the bed to an appropriate height.
    use barrier precautions and clean linens.
    keep the bed at arm’s length.
  • The body’s first line of defense against infection is/are:
    interferons
    phagocytosis
    antihistamine
    the skin
  • _______________ describes a general feeling of discomfort or illness.
    lethargy
    incubation period
    malaise
    prodromal period
  • Microorganisms that cause infection and disease are called:
    pathogens.
    reservoirs.
    aseptic.
    contaminated.
  • When making a patient’s bed, it is important to:
    remove all linens together to save time and conserve energy
    continually switch to the other side of the bed to keep the
    use of proper body alignment and a wide base of support
    flip or fan linens to remove microorganisms
  • Patients entering the emergency room are triaged based on:
    age
    order of arrival
    type of care required
    type of insurance
  • The body temperature may be affected by:
    height
    gender
    time of day
    time of year
  • Which of the following chemical weapons prevent the nervous system from working properly?
    pulmonary agents
    incapacitating agents
    blood agents
    nerve agents
  • How often should full mouth care for the unconscious patient be performed:
    every 8 hours
    every 24 hours
    every 2 hours
    every 12 hours
  • What endoscopic procedure allows the doctor to examine the entire large intestine for polyps, areas of inflammation, and malignant lesions?
    cystoscopy
    colonoscopy
    gastro
    bronchoscopy
  • Patients who are discharged against medical advice:
    fail to follow hospital rules.
    must be informed of risks to their health and safety.
    should be reported to the authorities.
    cannot pay for the medical care received.
  • What assessment is performed at regular intervals on patients who have experienced head trauma or who have had brain surgery?
    MRI
    Neurologic check
    palpation
    Rinne test
  • The nursing assessment on hospital admission and transfer should include:
    preferred room arrangement.
    a list of medications (prescribed and over-the-counter) take
    the menu selections.
    billing information.
  • One of two instruments used to measure blood pressure is a/an:
    electric thermometer.
    oximeter.
    skin probe.
    sphygmomanometer.
  • Cardiac contractions produce the:
    pulse
    temperature
    oxygen saturation
    hypertension
  • Blood pressure is affected by:
    body temperature
    gender
    loss of appetite
    an increase in blood volume
  • The government’s health insurance program for older adults is (are):
    contracts with HMOs
    Medicaid
    AARP Long-Term Care
    Medicare
  • An effective back rub should last approximately:
    10-15 minutes
    20-25 minutes
    30-40 minutes
    3-5 minutes
  • What tool can be used to examine canals, including the nasal and vaginal canals?
    otoscope
    Weber test
    speculum
    Sigmoidoscope
  • A croaking sound heard when there is a partial obstruction of the upper air passages in the lungs is called:
    stridor
    wheeze
    pleural friction rub
    rhonchi
  • The county medical officer (coroner):
    seeks permission from the family to perform an autopsy for r
    registers all patients who are dead on arrival to the hospit
    investigates unexplained deaths to find the cause of death.
    refers the families of deceased patients to a cost-effective
  • The emphasis in ______________ is placed on containing microorganisms and preventing their spread.
    infection control and prevention
    surgical asepsis
    isolation
    illness management
  • An identified link in the chain of infection is a(n):
    disinfectant
    exit destruction
    surgical asepsis
    portal of entry
  • Skin that is often wet is at risk for:
    maceration
    induration
    diaphoresis
    blanching
  • Periodontal disease may be an indication of the lack of vitamin:
    C
    A
    B
    D
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