Pressure from the movement of plates causes friction, thus creating metamorphic rock.
How do metamorphic rocks form?
Heat and pressure effects a different type of rock.
What is a system of chronological measurement that relates stratigraphy to time?
Geological Time Scale
Which type of igneous rock takes seconds to months to cool down and has microscopic grains?
Extrusive
What are fossils that are only found in one type of rock layer, and that layer will have more than one of that type of fossil, even if the layer contains other types of fossils.?
Index Fossils
What are sediments?
Sediments are fragments of rocks and minerals that can vary in size.
Which type of igneous rock takes millions of years to cool and has large grains on it?
Plutonic
What is stratigraphy?
The study of rock layers.
What are the physical changes that happen in the rock cycle?
Melting, Cooling, Eroding, Compacting, or Deforming.
How does igneous rock form?
It forms when magma cools and forms crystals.
What is the mineralized remains of organisms and the rock layers in which they are found?
Fossil Record
How does contact metamorphism work?
Heat from magma contacts rocks and burns them, creating metamorphic rock.
What are beds or layers of sedimentary rock having approximately the same composition throughout?
Rock Strata
What is the Law of Superposition?
Scientific law that states fossils located in deeper sediment layers are older than ones deposited in layers closer to the surface.
How do sedimentary rocks form?
Most sedimentary rocks form from sediments. Sediments must be packed together to form a rock.
What is magma?
Melted rock.
What are some factors we notice about rock layers?
Erosion, weathering, deposits horizontally, deposits evenly, the youngest layers are at the top while the oldest layers are at the bottom.
What is weathering?
Being worn down by long exposure to the atmosphere.
How was the Grand Canyon formed?
It has been carved, over millions of years, as the Colorado River cuts down through the Colorado plateau.
What are the chemical changes happening in the rock cycle?
Variations of pressure and temperature.
What is the study of Earth’s physical structure and substances?
Geology
According to the rock cycle, which four factors need to happen in order for sediment to become sedimentary rock?
Deposition, Burial, Compaction, and Cementation
Why do geologists use index fossils instead of all fossils when trying to determine rock age?
There are more index fossils present in rock layers and they also determine what time period the rock layers formed.
How can we tell volcanoes erupted in the past?
By the layer of ash that was deposited in the ground.
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