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What is the study of Earth’s physical structure and substances?
Geology
What is the mineralized remains of organisms and the rock layers in which they are found?
Fossil Record
What is stratigraphy?
The study of rock layers.
What is a system of chronological measurement that relates stratigraphy to time?
Geological Time Scale
What is the Law of Superposition?
Scientific law that states fossils located in deeper sediment layers are older than ones deposited in layers closer to the surface.
What are beds or layers of sedimentary rock having approximately the same composition throughout?
Rock Strata
What are fossils that are only found in one type of rock layer, and that layer will have more than one of that type of fossil, even if the layer contains other types of fossils.?
Index Fossils
How was the Grand Canyon formed?
It has been carved, over millions of years, as the Colorado River cuts down through the Colorado plateau.
What is weathering?
Being worn down by long exposure to the atmosphere.
How does igneous rock form?
It forms when magma cools and forms crystals.
What is magma?
Melted rock.
Which type of igneous rock takes millions of years to cool and has large grains on it?
Plutonic
Which type of igneous rock takes seconds to months to cool down and has microscopic grains?
Extrusive
How do sedimentary rocks form?
Most sedimentary rocks form from sediments. Sediments must be packed together to form a rock.
What are sediments?
Sediments are fragments of rocks and minerals that can vary in size.
According to the rock cycle, which four factors need to happen in order for sediment to become sedimentary rock?
Deposition, Burial, Compaction, and Cementation
