What three changes occurred in cities in the Middle Ages?
They grew in number/ populations increased/ they were more important economically and socially.
Which different class groups emerged during the High Middle Ages?
Merchants and bankers/ tradesmen and craftsmen/ peasants
What were guilds?
They were associations of craftsmen with the same trade.
Which class of people formed the urban oligarchy in 14th Century feudal Europe?
Merchants and bankers dominated the municipal governments.
Why did the monarchy support the economic development of cities in the High Middle Ages?
They wanted to take away power from the nobility and they benefited economically( -by having taxes paid to them )
Where did merchants and bankers get their wealth from?
From the possession of goods and money- not land ownership.
What do you call someone learning a trade?
An apprentice.
What was the next step after completing an apprenticeship?
You would become an artisan.
What was the final step in the journey of joining a guild?
Becoming a master craftsman.
Which 5 factors revitalised trade during the High Middle Ages?
Technical advances in transport, safer trade routes,more types of currencies were in circulation, the creation of guilds and new jobs that facilitated payments.
Which 2 institutions were considered superior to all others in the High Middle Ages?
The Papacy and the Empire.
What was a "fuero"?
Cities with privileges that paid taxes to monarchs.
What was the political motivation behind a fuero?
For the inhabitants to achieve freedom from the nobility and for the monarch to gain political and military support.
What is a theocracy?
It's when a religious leader has all the power over civil governance.
