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Revising topic from biology

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Define photosynthesis.

It’s the process by which sunlight energy is converted, through a precise series of steps, to produce glucose (C6H12O6).

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What is are chloroplasts, where are they normally found and what gives them their colour?

Plant organelles where photosynthesis takes place. They are green because they contain chlorophyll. They are normally found in leaves and stems.

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What are mitochondria and which process are they connected to?

The power plants of the cell where glucose is broken down and turned into energy (ATP). This is called cellular respiration.

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What is cellular respiration?

Cellular respiration is the process in which cells break down sugar and turn it into energy (ATP).

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How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration connected? Why are they called complementary reactions?

Plants use CO2, water and sunlight to make glucose and O2 (photosynthesis). The glucose and O2 are turned into energy, water and CO2 in cellular respiration.

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What is the chemical formula for glucose?

C6H12O6

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Define autotrophic organisms.

Organisms that produce their own food. They use sunlight in photosynthesis and convert it into chemical energy and sugars. Example: plants

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Describe what happens to the carbohydrates during cellular respiration.

They are broken down and used to create adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Cells use ATP molecules to do work.

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Define heterotrophic organisms.

Heterotrophic organisms cannot produce their own food so they rely on the producers for their energy needs by eating them. Example: humans

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What is a solvent?

A liquid that separates other molecules (e.g. water is a solvent because it dissolves sugar/breaks down sugar molecules)

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What is a solute?

A group of molecules that are separated by the solvent (e.g. sugar)

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Define diffusion as a type of molecule motion.

It is the movement of a SOLUTE from an area of high concentration to the area of low solute concentration.

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Define osmosis as a type of molecule motion.

It is the movement of A SOLVENT from area of high concentration to the area of low concentration through a semi-permeable (e.g. water moving through your body)

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What is the cell theory? (3 principles)

1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. The cell is the basic unit of structure 3. All cells come from pre-existing cells

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What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Prokaryotes are assumed to be the older type of cell (bacteria). Prokaryotes don't have a nucleus.

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What is an example of a carbon store?

Carbon stores means that carbon is stored on our planet as organic matter in living and dead organisms, as CO2 in the atmosphere, as organic matter in soil.

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