What is translation shifts?
The small linguistic changes that occur between ST and TT are known as translation shifts.
What is a textual equivalent based on (Catford 1965:27)?
Catford(1965:27)"A textual equivalent is defined as any TL text or portion of text which is observed to be the equivalent of a given SL text or portion of text"
Catford was the first to use the term shifts, but the most comprehensive taxonomy of translation shifts, based on their "Translation Procedures", was set out by?
"The Canadians Jean-Paul Vinay and Jean Darbelnet in their A comparative stylistics of French and English (1958/1995)"
Two methods covering seven procedures, namely:
1)Direct translation, which covers borrowing,calque and literal translation,& 2)Oblique translation which is transposition, modulation, equivalence & adaptation
What happens if translation procedures are performed at random?
It will not be translated clearly and it will lead to a false sense.
Explain the three factors that move reference across the continum from simply "quoting" to "Insinuation" in translation!
1) A text matter , 2) Genre, 3) Discourse
Who is the first scholar to use the term in his a linguistic Theory of Translation?
"John Catford"
A non-linguistic, intermediate form of the meaning of a ST and TT is called?
Tertium comparationis
Direct transfer of a SL text into a grammatically and idiomatically appropriate TL text in which the translators task is limited to observing the adherence to the linguistic servitudes of the TL?
Literal Translation
Special kind of borrowing whereby a language borrows and expression form of another, but then translates literally each of its elements?
Calque
How the contextually and morphologically marked term in English?
In English, the contextually and morphologically marked term is the continuous; this explicitly refers to the development, the progress, of the event.
Mention three methods of translating in generally?
Direct, Literal and Oblique Translation
