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What broad topic does Chapter 13 cover?
Exploration and Discovery
Name four changes in the Old World that led to exploration of the New World.
Renaissance curiosity and finance, improved navigation and maps, Ottoman control of trade routes, and commercial rivalry among European nations
What traveler's tales stirred European imagination about the Far East?
Marco Polo
What 15th-century ship design made long sea voyages more practical?
The caravel
What were common motives that prompted European explorers?
Search for new trade routes, quest for gold, desire for adventure and glory, religious concerns, and national competition
How did the Ottoman conquest influence European exploration?
It made overland trade routes risky and costly, encouraging searches for sea routes to Asia
Which navigational tools helped sailors determine latitude?
The astrolabe, quadrant, and cross-staff
What instrument greatly aided sailors and mapmaking during exploration?
The compass
Who was Prince Henry "the Navigator" and what did he do?
A Portuguese leader who founded a navigation school and promoted exploration
Who first rounded the tip of Africa (Cape of Good Hope)?
Bartolomeu Dias
Which explorer found a sea route to India and increased Portuguese trade?
Vasco da Gama
Which explorer believed he could reach Asia by sailing west and sailed in 1492?
Christopher Columbus
What were the three ships Columbus sailed with in 1492?
The Niña, the Pinta, and the Santa María
What papal action attempted to divide new lands between Spain and Portugal?
Pope Alexander VI's Line of Demarcation
Who led the first circumnavigation of the earth (though he died during the voyage)?
Ferdinand Magellan (voyage completed by survivors)
What Spanish conquistador defeated the Aztecs?
Hernán Cortés
