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What is the main idea of functionalism?
Society works like a system where each part has a function to maintain stability.
Which sociologist is most associated with the ‘organic analogy’?
Émile Durkheim.
What is meant by ‘social solidarity’?
A sense of belonging and unity in society.
What is socialisation?
The process of learning the norms and values of society.
What is the difference between primary and secondary socialisation?
Primary: early childhood, family. Secondary: later childhood, school, media, peers
What is ‘value consensus’?
Agreement on shared norms and values that bind society together.
Why do functionalists see inequality as necessary?
It motivates people to work hard and ensures the most talented fill important roles.
What is the main idea of Marxism?
Society is based on conflict between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat.
Who are the bourgeoisie?
The ruling capitalist class who own the means of production.
Who are the proletariat?
The working class who sell their labour for wages.
What is ‘false consciousness’?
When the working class are unaware of their exploitation.
What is the ‘means of production’?
Resources like land, factories, and capital used to produce goods.
What is the ‘superstructure’?
Institutions like education, family, and religion that support the economic base.
According to Marx, what will eventually happen to capitalism?
It will collapse and be replaced by communism.
What do feminists study in sociology?
Gender inequality and the patriarchy.
What is patriarchy?
A social system where men hold more power than women.
