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What does DNA stand for
Deoxyribonucleic acid
What is a telomere?
A non-coding DNA region at the end of a chromosome
Prokaryotic cells lack what type of organelles?
membrane bound organelles
Where is the DNA located in a prokaryotic cell?
nucleoid region
Prokaryotic DNA is in what form?
a single circular double stranded chromosome
Which 2 organelles in Eukaryotes posses extra DNA?
Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
What is a nucleotide made of?
A phosphate, deoxyribose sugar and a nitrogen base (A, T, G or C).
Why is the bond between the base pairs weak?
so that they can be separated easily then replicated.
What is a gene?
short segments coding for particular characteristic or trait
What is DNA replication?
where the DNA is copied
Why is DNA replication called 'semi-conservative'?
Because each molecule has one new and one old strand.
Explain semi-conservative DNA replication
helicase unwinds the double helix, DNA polymerase binds and uses free nucleotides to build the complementary strand from the exposed template
What is an exon?
the coding part of the DNA
What is an intron?
The non-coding part of the DNA
Explain the process of transcription
Helicase unwinds the double helix, RNA polymerase builds the mRNA strand from free nucleotides and this leaves the nucleus and travels to the ribosome
What is protein synthesis?
building of proteins
