a change in base pairs leading to no noticeable effect

the intermediates before it folds into 3D structure - ie alpha helices and beta pleated sheets.

Substitution, insertion or deletion

the 3D shape of the protein after it has been folded

the complementary base pairs to the codon found on the tRNA

base insertion or deletions

Helicase unwinds the double helix, RNA polymerase builds the mRNA strand from free nucleotides and this leaves the nucleus and travels to the ribosome

the process by which cells with identical DNA become varied in structure and function

two or more polypeptide chains (tertiary structures) chemically bonded.

helicase unwinds the double helix, DNA polymerase binds and uses free nucleotides to build the complementary strand from the exposed template

Because each molecule has one new and one old strand.

they speed up the rate of reaction, by bringing together substrates or breaking them down through the lowering of activation energy