Share 11.5 USHG - Gilded Age & Progressive Era
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The term “Gilded Age” refers to a period when
Wealth and industrial growth masked serious social problems
Agriculture became the leading industry
Political equality increased for minorities
Democracy expanded for all citizens
A major reason for industrial growth after the Civil War was
Declining immigration to cities
Limited access to energy resources
Expansion of railroads and a large labor force
Government takeover of businesses
Laissez-faire capitalism is the belief that
Unions must approve business practices
Foreign trade should be banned
The government should set all prices
The economy functions best with little government
“Robber baron” was a term used to criticize
Civil War generals who entered politics
Business leaders who used ruthless tactics for wealth
Judges who ruled against big business
Farmers who raised crop prices
The Bessemer process was essential to
Extracting coal from the West
Shipping grain by rail
Producing strong, inexpensive steel
Building cotton gins in factories
Andrew Carnegie is known for his work in
Steel production and philanthropy
Reforming the stock market
Railroad construction across Canada
The oil and gas industries
Rockefeller used horizontal integration to
Control other companies in the same industry
Partner with labor unions
Hire immigrant workers
Promote anti-trust legislation
The rise of monopolies in the Gilded Age led to
Stronger worker protections
Less competition and higher prices
Greater product variety for consumers
Fewer strikes and lockouts
The Sherman Antitrust Act was passed to
Reduce the influence of monopolies
Limit the power of farmers’ cooperatives
Control state legislatures
Encourage foreign imports
Workers formed labor unions to
Buy shares in companies
Avoid paying income taxes
End voting restrictions
Improve wages and working conditions
Both the Knights of Labor and the AFL supported
Government-run factories
Reduced immigration
Better pay and shorter workdays
Business mergers
The Haymarket Affair caused
Public fear of unions and anarchists
Anti-trust laws to expand
Trust in labor leaders to increase
Major tariff reductions
Most “New Immigrants” came from
Southern and Eastern Europe
Northern Europe and Scandinavia
Africa and Asia
South America and Australia
A common push factor for immigrants was
Persecution and poverty in home countries
American public schools
Access to Western land
A growing U.S. middle class
Tenements were known for being
Well-regulated by health codes
Crowded and unsanitary urban buildings
Large family estates
Located on the outskirts of towns
Political machines gained support by
Enforcing literacy tests
Supporting Prohibition laws
Providing jobs and services to immigrants
Attacking labor unions
