Share 11.5 USHG - Gilded Age & Progressive Era
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The term “Gilded Age” refers to a period when
Democracy expanded for all citizens
Political equality increased for minorities
Agriculture became the leading industry
Wealth and industrial growth masked serious social problems
A major reason for industrial growth after the Civil War was
Declining immigration to cities
Expansion of railroads and a large labor force
Limited access to energy resources
Government takeover of businesses
Laissez-faire capitalism is the belief that
The economy functions best with little government
The government should set all prices
Unions must approve business practices
Foreign trade should be banned
“Robber baron” was a term used to criticize
Civil War generals who entered politics
Farmers who raised crop prices
Judges who ruled against big business
Business leaders who used ruthless tactics for wealth
The Bessemer process was essential to
Extracting coal from the West
Producing strong, inexpensive steel
Shipping grain by rail
Building cotton gins in factories
Andrew Carnegie is known for his work in
Steel production and philanthropy
Reforming the stock market
Railroad construction across Canada
The oil and gas industries
Rockefeller used horizontal integration to
Partner with labor unions
Promote anti-trust legislation
Control other companies in the same industry
Hire immigrant workers
The rise of monopolies in the Gilded Age led to
Fewer strikes and lockouts
Greater product variety for consumers
Less competition and higher prices
Stronger worker protections
The Sherman Antitrust Act was passed to
Reduce the influence of monopolies
Control state legislatures
Limit the power of farmers’ cooperatives
Encourage foreign imports
Workers formed labor unions to
Buy shares in companies
End voting restrictions
Avoid paying income taxes
Improve wages and working conditions
Both the Knights of Labor and the AFL supported
Business mergers
Government-run factories
Better pay and shorter workdays
Reduced immigration
The Haymarket Affair caused
Trust in labor leaders to increase
Major tariff reductions
Public fear of unions and anarchists
Anti-trust laws to expand
Most “New Immigrants” came from
South America and Australia
Northern Europe and Scandinavia
Africa and Asia
Southern and Eastern Europe
A common push factor for immigrants was
Persecution and poverty in home countries
A growing U.S. middle class
American public schools
Access to Western land
Tenements were known for being
Crowded and unsanitary urban buildings
Large family estates
Well-regulated by health codes
Located on the outskirts of towns
Political machines gained support by
Enforcing literacy tests
Supporting Prohibition laws
Providing jobs and services to immigrants
Attacking labor unions
