Share Honors Final Practice June 2022 (Topics 1-19)
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A scientist wants to test how the enzyme amylase functions over a range of temperatures. What is the independent variable?
temperature
Water readily dissolves compounds that are ___.
polar / hydrophilic
Which class of biomolecules are hydrophobic?
lipids
Which type of biomolecule contains polymers of amino acids?
proteins / polypeptides
This is a diagram of an ester molecule being broken down with water. What type of reaction is this?
hydrolysis
Which level of protein structure is determined by the order of amino acids?
primary
Which type of bond stabilizes secondary protein structure?
hydrogen (between atoms of the backbone)
An enzyme's active site has a very specific shape to fit its ___ perfectly.
substrate
The energy required to start a chemical reaction is called the ___.
activation energy
How does an enzyme affect a reaction's activation energy?
it reduces it
Which part of an ATP molecule contains a high energy bond?
the one holding the third phosphate onto the molecule
Where in the cell are ribosomes made?
nucleolus
Describe the pathway a hydrolytic protein will take through the endo-membrane system.
rough ER > (vesicle) > Golgi > (vesicle) > lysosome
Name three structures that both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have.
DNA, ribosome, cell membrane, (cytoplasm)
The endosymbiotic theory states that which organelles were once free-living prokaryotes?
chloroplasts and mitochondria
As cells grow larger, what happens to the surface area-to-volume ratio?
it decreases
