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Chapter 5: Understanding Children from Birth to  ...

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  • This reflex is sometimes referred to as the "startle reflex." It occurs when a newborn is startled by a noise or sudden movement. The infant will react by flinging the arms and legs outward and extending the head. Then the infant...
    Moro reflex
  • A child is called a (n) ____________ during the first year after birth.
    infant
  • An infant's average weight at birth.
    7 1/2 pounds
  • An automatic body response to a stimulus. At birth, an infant's physical abilities are limited to reflexes.
    reflex
  • _______ development involves learning to relate to others and refining feelings and expressions
    social-emotional
  • Grasping, holding, cutting, and drawing require ________ motor skills.
    fine
  • Crawling is the movement in which infants support their weight on their hands and knees
    false
  • Growth is rapid during the first two years of life.
    true
  • Two-word phrases used by toddlers when they first learn to combine words.
    telegraphic speech
  • What are the two main forces that influence cognitive development?
    hereditary and environment
  • There are weight and height differences between boys and girls by two years of age
    True
  • This reflex can be observed in full-term babies. When an infant is held so the feet are flat on a surface, the infant will lift one foot after another in a stepping motion.
    stepping or walking reflex
  • When a child is unhappy because a caregiver is leaving, the child is showing ____________.
    separation anxiety
  • The average newborn infant measures __________ inches.
    20
  • Quality and intensity of children's emotional reactions to their environment, such as passivity, irritability, and activity patterns.
    temperament
  • _____________ behaviors show that infants care and respond to certain people who are important.
    attachment
  • This reflex is present at birth in babies who are born at full term. Infants will fan out and curl and the foot twists in.
    Babinski reflex
  • If a baby in 6 pounds at birth, he/she will be approx. _______ pounds at two years of age.
    24
  • Hitching is a movement where babies move their arms and legs and slide the buttocks.
    true
  • Children demonstrate _____________ by watching another behavior acting it out later.
    deferred imitation
  • The term _____ refers to the order in which a child is able to perform new movements.
    motor sequence
  • _____________ development refers to the mental processes used to gain knowledge.
    cognitive
  • When you touch the infant's palms, the hands will grip tightly.
    Palmar grasp reflex
  • When normal reflexes are not present in infants, it may be a sign of brain or nerve damage.
    True
  • ________________ development refers to changes in the body.
    physical
  • An understanding that objects continue to exist even if a person cannot seem them.
    object permanence
  • This reflex causes infants to turn their heads toward anything that brushes their faces. This action helps them find a food source such as a nipple.
    Rooting reflex
  • Toddlers love to explore, but do not understand the dangers involved.
    true
  • Order in which a child is able to perform new movements. Motor sequence depends on the development of the brain and nerves.
    motor sequence
  • Reflex that is necessary for life.
    survival reflex
  • _________ development involves the improvement of skills using large muscles.
    gross motor
  • Telegraphic speech consists of four-word phrases.
    false
  • The term which describes a child who is between the ages of three and six years is _________
    preschooler
  • According to the cephalocaudal principle, what develops first?
    head
  • A child's difficulty in separating from parents, often occurring between 6 and 15 months of age.
    separation anxiety
  • _________ development involves skills which relate to the small muscles.
    fine motor
  • The strong emotional connection that develops between people.
    attachment
  • New movements tend to develop in fingers and toes and move inward.
    false
  • The average weight of a baby at birth is __________ pounds.
    7 1/2
  • Changes in bone thickness, vision, and hearing are all part of ____________ development.
    physical
  • Activities such as running, skipping, and bike riding fall into __________ motor development.
    gross
  • The understanding that objects exist even if you cannot see them is known as ____________.
    object permanence
  • To crawl, the child pulls with the arms and wiggles the stomach.
    true
  • Watching another person's behavior, then acting out that behavior. This occurs between eighteen and twenty-four months.
    deferred imitation
  • The way a child reacts to his or her environment reflects the child's ____________ .
    temperment
  • According to the principle of proximodistal devel. the fingers and toes develop first.
    false
  • Most infants are first able to turn from the stomach to the back, then back to stomach.
    true