The way a child reacts to his or her environment reflects the child's ____________ .
temperment
A child's difficulty in separating from parents, often occurring between 6 and 15 months of age.
separation anxiety
When a child is unhappy because a caregiver is leaving, the child is showing ____________.
separation anxiety
Most infants are first able to turn from the stomach to the back, then back to stomach.
true
_____________ behaviors show that infants care and respond to certain people who are important.
attachment
If a baby in 6 pounds at birth, he/she will be approx. _______ pounds at two years of age.
24
________________ development refers to changes in the body.
physical
The average newborn infant measures __________ inches.
20
Crawling is the movement in which infants support their weight on their hands and knees
false
Grasping, holding, cutting, and drawing require ________ motor skills.
fine
An understanding that objects continue to exist even if a person cannot seem them.
object permanence
According to the principle of proximodistal devel. the fingers and toes develop first.
false
Watching another person's behavior, then acting out that behavior. This occurs between eighteen and twenty-four months.
deferred imitation
Reflex that is necessary for life.
survival reflex
Quality and intensity of children's emotional reactions to their environment, such as passivity, irritability, and activity patterns.
temperament
To crawl, the child pulls with the arms and wiggles the stomach.
true
This reflex is present at birth in babies who are born at full term. Infants will fan out and curl and the foot twists in.
Babinski reflex
Toddlers love to explore, but do not understand the dangers involved.
true
This reflex is sometimes referred to as the "startle reflex." It occurs when a newborn is startled by a noise or sudden movement. The infant will react by flinging the arms and legs outward and extending the head. Then the infant...
Moro reflex
New movements tend to develop in fingers and toes and move inward.
false
This reflex causes infants to turn their heads toward anything that brushes their faces. This action helps them find a food source such as a nipple.
Rooting reflex
What are the two main forces that influence cognitive development?
hereditary and environment
_________ development involves skills which relate to the small muscles.
fine motor
_________ development involves the improvement of skills using large muscles.
gross motor
Hitching is a movement where babies move their arms and legs and slide the buttocks.
true
Activities such as running, skipping, and bike riding fall into __________ motor development.
gross
_____________ development refers to the mental processes used to gain knowledge.
cognitive
This reflex can be observed in full-term babies. When an infant is held so the feet are flat on a surface, the infant will lift one foot after another in a stepping motion.
stepping or walking reflex
Telegraphic speech consists of four-word phrases.
false
_______ development involves learning to relate to others and refining feelings and expressions
social-emotional
The term _____ refers to the order in which a child is able to perform new movements.
motor sequence
Two-word phrases used by toddlers when they first learn to combine words.
telegraphic speech
Order in which a child is able to perform new movements. Motor sequence depends on the development of the brain and nerves.
motor sequence
An automatic body response to a stimulus. At birth, an infant's physical abilities are limited to reflexes.
reflex
There are weight and height differences between boys and girls by two years of age
True
An infant's average weight at birth.
7 1/2 pounds
When normal reflexes are not present in infants, it may be a sign of brain or nerve damage.
True
A child is called a (n) ____________ during the first year after birth.
infant
When you touch the infant's palms, the hands will grip tightly.
Palmar grasp reflex
The average weight of a baby at birth is __________ pounds.
7 1/2
According to the cephalocaudal principle, what develops first?
head
The understanding that objects exist even if you cannot see them is known as ____________.
object permanence
The strong emotional connection that develops between people.
attachment
The term which describes a child who is between the ages of three and six years is _________
preschooler
Changes in bone thickness, vision, and hearing are all part of ____________ development.
physical
Growth is rapid during the first two years of life.
true
Children demonstrate _____________ by watching another behavior acting it out later.
deferred imitation
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