DNA and RNA Chemical Structure and Function | Baamboozle - Baamboozle

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What are amino acids? What do they have to do with DNA?

Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. DNA provides the instructions to assemble them into the correct sequence to make a protein.

What is Messenger RNA?

A single-stranded copy of a specific part of the DNA blueprint. It is used by ribsomes to make proteins.

In the picture above, one of the nitrogenous bases has been knocked out by ultraviolet radiation. What is the consequence of this?

The original DNA sequence has been altered. You can call this a mutation. This will affect how mRNA is made and how a protein is made.

What does an RNA nucleotide consist of?

A ribose sugar, a phosphate and a nitrogenous base

True of False: Uracil is a nitrogenous base found in DNA.

False: Uracil is only found in RNA

What would be a complementary DNA strand to the bases AATTGGCC

TTAACCGG

Choose letter A, B, C or D. Which chemical is a nitrogenous base?

Chemical C is the nitrogenous base

Where can you find DNA in a chromosome?

DNA is located along the entire length of the chromosome and stuffed in between proteins called histone proteins.

What is a gene in DNA?

A gene is a small section of DNA that codes for a specific protein or trait.

What does a DNA nucleotide consist of?

A deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous base

Adenine always base pairs with (or hydrogen bonds to) _______________.

Thymine

Can you name two purines?

Adenine and Guanine

What are ribosomes? What chemicals do they need to do their job?

Ribosomes are tiny organelles that assemble proteins. To do their job, they must have instructions in the form of mRNA along with amino acids.

In a RNA molecules Uracil takes the place of ___________.

Thymine

Notice how one strand of DNA appears upside down as it bonds with the other. What do we call this molecular arrangement in DNA strands?

Antiparallel

What is the name of the sugar found in a DNA molecule?

Deoxyribose

Can you name the three nitrogenous bases that qualify as pyrimidines

Cytosine, Thymine, and Uracil

What is this chemical and what does it do for DNA and RNA?

A phosphate. This chemical bonds the sugar molecules together in the molecules' backbones.

Can you name two organelles in a eukarytic cell that contain DNA?

Both the nucleus and the mitochondria contain DNA

Guanine always base pairs with (or hydrogen bonds to) ______________.

Cytosine