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Medical Ethics

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  • What is the number one criterion to get to the top of the organ donor recipient list?
    sickest person
  • Name 3 factors that influence a person's personal ethics
    culture, religion, family, friends, past experiences
  • What does HIPAA stand for?
    Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
  • What are the 4 guiding principles of ethics?
    autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, justice
  • Name 3 things that make up a person's culture
    language, clothes, food, music, hobbies, religion, etc...
  • A woman has a DNAR order on her chart. She stops breathing. HCWs do not resuscitate her and she dies. What type of euthanasia?
    passive, voluntary
  • Race is based upon your DNA
    True
    False
  • Name 3 things that a patient must be told as part of informed consent
    who will be doing procedure, what it entails, risks/benefits, alternative treatments
  • Oregon's "Death with Dignity" law legalized _______________________
    physician-assisted suicide
  • Which religious group commonly prefers to treat illness with prayer vs medicines
    Christian Scientists
  • Which type of advance directives is a legal document which states what medical treatments a patient would/would not want done in case they cannot speak for themselves
    living will
  • List the three types of advance directives
    living will, DPOA for healthcare, DNAR
  • Which type of advance directive involves a physician writing a doctor's order stating that no CPR should be started in the event that the pt. suffers a cardiac arrest
    DNAR
  • Two physicians have differing opinions about the ethical treatment of a patient. When there are conflicting opinions about ethical care, who decides?
    ethics committee
  • What is the term for when a person has a strong preference for one thing over another. An example is having a preference for herbal medications versus traditional pharmaceuticals.
    bias
  • An elderly man requests physician-assisted suicide. What type of euthanasia is this?
    active, voluntary
  • Certain types of PHI is shared with proper authorities. One of these is births. Name 2 others types of PHI that can be shared
    deaths, injuries due to violence, some types of communicable diseases
  • What are 3 rules/regulations that must be followed if a person wants physician-assisted suicide?
    competent adult, resident of state, swallow meds on own, no dementia, terminally ill, ask twice
  • What document did the American Hospital Association write?
    Patient's Bill of Rights
  • What is the term for when you make an opinion about someone without knowing the facts first? An example is assuming that a very tall boy is good at basketball.
    prejudice
  • Obviously, you should never "gossip" about your patient's care. Describe 3 other ways that you can maintain confidentiality
    use passwords, close computer, watch where you speak, protect charts from prying eyes, only share on a "need to know" basis, interview clients in private
  • name a situation where it is considered ethical for a parent to refuse medical treatment for a severely ill infant
    care would be considered futile, comatose, wouldn't fix problem
  • Which ethical theory focuses on what is best for the individual?
    deontology
  • Describe 3 situations where an adult does not have the legal right to refuse treatment
    under the influence, dementia, head injury, altered LOC
  • An elderly woman has a fractured hip and needs surgery. She has dementia and cannot give informed consent. What should the surgeon do regarding consent?
    ask a family member or court-appointed guardian
  • List 2 reasons why it is important to maintain patient confidentiality
    maintain pt. trust, part of the Pt. Bill of Rights, regulated by law (HIPAA), part of your prof. code of ethics
  • When can a minor give their own consent for medical treatment?
    STD, pregnancy, drug/ETOH abuse
  • Which religious group commonly refuses blood transfusions?
    Jehovah's witnesses
  • What are ethics?
    guidelines for behavior which are based upon morals
  • What is the role of an ethics committee?
    meets and makes recommendations about ethical dilemmas
  • Name a culture that traditionally avoids eye contact as a form of respect
    Japan, China, Korea
  • What is one thing that a HCW should know about dealing with Jewish people?
    answers will vary
  • Which culture traditionally prohibits care givers of the opposite sex?
    Middle Eastern
  • What is the term for when a person views everyone within a group as the same. An example is "teenagers are disrespectful"
    stereotyping
  • A college students tells her therapist that she is very upset with the girls in her dorm and is planning on detonating a bomb in the dorm. What should the therapist do?
    Tell the authorities- there is a "duty to warn"
  • A HCW can lose their license if they are committed of a crime (such as DUI, assault &battery)
    True
    False
  • What type of euthanasia is legal in all 50 states?
    passive
  • An elderly woman does not have any type of advance directive. Her family chooses not to have her put onto a ventilator and she dies. What type of euthanasia is this?
    passive, nonvoluntary
  • Which type of advance directive appoints another person to make medical decisions for them if they cannot speak for themselves?
    health care proxy or durable power of attorney for healthcare
  • Can a physician unilaterally decide to write a "DNAR" order without consulting the patient and/or family?
    No
    Yes
  • What is euthanasia?
    mercy killing
  • What are 3 negative consequences for an employee who breaks patient confidentiality
    official reprimand, lose job, lose license, possible imprisonment
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