Which of the following is NOT a method of viral release?
Exocytosis
Apoptosis
Cell bursting
Injection
How are glycoproteins important for a virus?
Glycoproteins allow the virus to move in the blood.
Glycoproteins allow the virus to have a complex structure.
Glycoproteins allow for conservation of energy and genetics
Glycoproteins help the virus infect another cell.
Translation is where:
mDNA is used by ribosomes to produce proteins.
mRNA is used by ribosomes to produce proteins.
+dsRNA is used by ribosomes to produce proteins.
+dsRNA is used by ribosomes to produce proteins.
Which of the following is the best definition of a virion?
An infective virus outside of a host
An inert virus inside of a host
An inert virus outside of a host
A virus which has infected a bacteria
The process in which two viruses mix and match parts of their genome is called _____.
genetic deviation
genetic reassortment
genetic diversity
antigenic shift
The _____ (1) is made up of protein subunits called _____ (2), which are in turn made of subunits called _____ (3).
(1) protomers (2) capsomeres (3) capsid
(1) capsid (2) protomers (3) capsomeres
(1) protomers (2) capsid (3) capsomeres
(1) capsid (2) capsomeres (3) protomers
Reverse transcriptase helps to convert:
dsDNA into ssRNA.
ssRNA into dsDNA.
dsRNA into ssDNA.
ssDNA into dsRNA.
A virus that infects a bacteria is known as a(n):
Bacteriovirus
Bacteriophage
Prokayrophage
Eukaryophage
A virus with an icosahedral shape that has a surrounding lipid bilayer that facilitates infection is known as _____ virus.
an icosahedral
an enveloped
a prolate
a helical
A temperate virus is one that will first _____.
cause apoptosis
lie dormant or cause a latent infection of the lysogenic cy.
avoid the lysogenic cycle
enter the lytic cycle
The process whereby DNA is converted into mRNA is known as:
Transcription
Latency
Translation
Replication
Why is RdRp important?
It helps to create ssDNA from dsRNA.
It helps to create complementary strands of RNA.
It helps to create dsRNA from ssDNA.
It helps to create dsDNA from dsRNA.
Which of the following is TRUE about an antigenic shift?
It avoids genetic reassortment.
Which of the following is TRUE about an antigenic shift?
It causes minor changes in the flu virus.
It does not cause any changes in the flu virus.
How can you explain that an adult who had chicken pox, is now at risk of the shingles infection if you know that both diseases are caused by the same virus?
The virus has been lying dormant inside the cells
This is something that occurs during the lytic cycle.
This is the same thing as the continuous active infection.
This is akin to the attachment phase of replication.
What are two of the most important surface proteins found on the influenza virus?
COX-1 and COX-2
LOX and neuraminidase
Hemagglutinin and neuraminidase
MHC and CD99
During the process of viral replication _____.
viral RNA is always transformed into viral DNA
nothing happens with the viral genome
the virus uses the host cell organelles to copy the virus
the virus copies the genetic material of the host cell
A scientist identifies a strand of RNA that can be used directly to code for important viral proteins during viral replication. What have they found?
+RNA
-RNA
RNA minor
RNA major
RNA viruses replicate in the:
Mitochondrion
Endoplasmic reticulum
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Which of the following are present in ALL virions?
Capsomeres, nucleic acids, ribosomes, protomers, envelope
Nucleic acids, capsomeres, capsid, protomers
DNA, capsomeres, capsid, protomers, envelope
Ribosomes, nucleic acids, capsid, protomers
What is the function of a viral envelope?
It increases infectivity of the virus
It helps the virus attach to the host.
It allows the host to recognise the virus.
It holds the nucleic acids inside the virus.
Which variant of the icosahedral shape is found in some bacteriophages?
Prolate
Helical
Complex
Nucleic
Which of the following best describes a polymerase?
It is a ribosome that catalyze the formation of nucleic acid
It is an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of nucleic acid
It is an enzyme that slows the formation of DNA.
It is an enzyme that blocks the formation of nucleic acids
Which of the following statements about DNA viruses that affect humans is FAL
They replicate in the nucleus
They are single-stranded
They use the host's enzymes to replicate
They use the host cell's internal machinery to replicate
Which of the following is TRUE about antigenic drift?
It causes minor changes in the flu virus.
It does not cause any changes in the flu virus.
It results in the genome reasserting.
It causes major changes in the flu virus.
DNA viruses replicate in the:
Cytoplasm
Mitochondrion
Endoplasmic reticulum
Nucleus
Which of the following refers to the process by which viruses are expelled out of their host cell?
Lysogeny
The lytic cycle
Viral shedding
Maturation
Why are ribosomes important in the replication of DNA viruses?
They produce proteins
They produce dsDNA
They synthesize carbohydrates
They produce lipids.
Which of the following statements about +ssRNA viruses is TRUE?
They're unable use the host cell's machinery to make protein
They don't need a prepackaged RdRp.
They're converted into a dsRNA virus before replication.
They're converted to DNA before replication.
Which of the following is NOT true about reverse transcriptase?
In DNA viruses it uses an RNA intermediate to make more DNA.
It enables HIV to infect cells.
It is a type of polymerase.
It encompasses Group IX of the Baltimore class system
Why is smallpox a notable exception to the general replication scheme of DNA viruses?
It replicates only in the nucleus.
It is a retrovirus.
It is a single-stranded DNA virus.
It replicates in the cytoplasm.