The process in which two viruses mix and match parts of their genome is called _____.
antigenic shift
genetic reassortment
genetic deviation
genetic diversity
During the process of viral replication _____.
nothing happens with the viral genome
viral RNA is always transformed into viral DNA
the virus copies the genetic material of the host cell
the virus uses the host cell organelles to copy the virus
A virus with an icosahedral shape that has a surrounding lipid bilayer that facilitates infection is known as _____ virus.
a prolate
an icosahedral
a helical
an enveloped
Which of the following is TRUE about antigenic drift?
It causes major changes in the flu virus.
It causes minor changes in the flu virus.
It does not cause any changes in the flu virus.
It results in the genome reasserting.
Which of the following statements about +ssRNA viruses is TRUE?
They're unable use the host cell's machinery to make protein
They're converted into a dsRNA virus before replication.
They don't need a prepackaged RdRp.
They're converted to DNA before replication.
Which of the following are present in ALL virions?
Capsomeres, nucleic acids, ribosomes, protomers, envelope
DNA, capsomeres, capsid, protomers, envelope
Nucleic acids, capsomeres, capsid, protomers
Ribosomes, nucleic acids, capsid, protomers
DNA viruses replicate in the:
Endoplasmic reticulum
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Mitochondrion
RNA viruses replicate in the:
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Endoplasmic reticulum
Mitochondrion
Translation is where:
mRNA is used by ribosomes to produce proteins.
mDNA is used by ribosomes to produce proteins.
+dsRNA is used by ribosomes to produce proteins.
+dsRNA is used by ribosomes to produce proteins.
Which variant of the icosahedral shape is found in some bacteriophages?
Prolate
Helical
Complex
Nucleic
A temperate virus is one that will first _____.
lie dormant or cause a latent infection of the lysogenic cy.
enter the lytic cycle
avoid the lysogenic cycle
cause apoptosis
Which of the following is the best definition of a virion?
An inert virus inside of a host
An inert virus outside of a host
A virus which has infected a bacteria
An infective virus outside of a host
Why is RdRp important?
It helps to create complementary strands of RNA.
It helps to create dsDNA from dsRNA.
It helps to create ssDNA from dsRNA.
It helps to create dsRNA from ssDNA.
Why are ribosomes important in the replication of DNA viruses?
They produce lipids.
They produce proteins
They produce dsDNA
They synthesize carbohydrates
Which of the following statements about DNA viruses that affect humans is FAL
They replicate in the nucleus
They use the host cell's internal machinery to replicate
They are single-stranded
They use the host's enzymes to replicate
A scientist identifies a strand of RNA that can be used directly to code for important viral proteins during viral replication. What have they found?
+RNA
RNA major
RNA minor
-RNA
The _____ (1) is made up of protein subunits called _____ (2), which are in turn made of subunits called _____ (3).
(1) protomers (2) capsid (3) capsomeres
(1) capsid (2) capsomeres (3) protomers
(1) capsid (2) protomers (3) capsomeres
(1) protomers (2) capsomeres (3) capsid
Which of the following is NOT a method of viral release?
Injection
Apoptosis
Exocytosis
Cell bursting
What is the function of a viral envelope?
It allows the host to recognise the virus.
It increases infectivity of the virus
It helps the virus attach to the host.
It holds the nucleic acids inside the virus.
How are glycoproteins important for a virus?
Glycoproteins allow the virus to move in the blood.
Glycoproteins help the virus infect another cell.
Glycoproteins allow for conservation of energy and genetics
Glycoproteins allow the virus to have a complex structure.
Which of the following is TRUE about an antigenic shift?
It causes minor changes in the flu virus.
It avoids genetic reassortment.
Which of the following is TRUE about an antigenic shift?
It does not cause any changes in the flu virus.
How can you explain that an adult who had chicken pox, is now at risk of the shingles infection if you know that both diseases are caused by the same virus?
This is the same thing as the continuous active infection.
This is akin to the attachment phase of replication.
This is something that occurs during the lytic cycle.
The virus has been lying dormant inside the cells
Which of the following refers to the process by which viruses are expelled out of their host cell?
Lysogeny
Maturation
The lytic cycle
Viral shedding
Which of the following is NOT true about reverse transcriptase?
It enables HIV to infect cells.
It is a type of polymerase.
It encompasses Group IX of the Baltimore class system
In DNA viruses it uses an RNA intermediate to make more DNA.
The process whereby DNA is converted into mRNA is known as:
Replication
Transcription
Latency
Translation
A virus that infects a bacteria is known as a(n):
Bacteriovirus
Bacteriophage
Eukaryophage
Prokayrophage
What are two of the most important surface proteins found on the influenza virus?
COX-1 and COX-2
MHC and CD99
LOX and neuraminidase
Hemagglutinin and neuraminidase
Why is smallpox a notable exception to the general replication scheme of DNA viruses?
It is a single-stranded DNA virus.
It is a retrovirus.
It replicates only in the nucleus.
It replicates in the cytoplasm.
Reverse transcriptase helps to convert:
ssDNA into dsRNA.
ssRNA into dsDNA.
dsRNA into ssDNA.
dsDNA into ssRNA.
Which of the following best describes a polymerase?
It is a ribosome that catalyze the formation of nucleic acid
It is an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of nucleic acid
It is an enzyme that slows the formation of DNA.
It is an enzyme that blocks the formation of nucleic acids