What is dialect and what elements about it caused differences?
Vocabulary, spelling, and pronunciation that differs based on regions of a nation.
What is a creolized language?
Results from the mixing of a colonizer's language with the indigenous language of the people being dominated
Explain the language situation in Canada.
Two official languages (English and French). French is mainly in Quebec and Ontario.
What type of language is Hebrew considered and explain.
Growing language. Was not used on a daily basis until after the creation of Israel.
What are Romance Languages and give examples.
These are languages that derived from Latin (Roman Empire) / Spanish, French, Italian, Portuguese, and Romanian
What does the term Ebonics refer to?
Common vernacular within the African American community.
What is a language family, branch, and group?
Family (common language before recorded history) / Branch (related to an ancestral language and differences are not as extensive) / Group (common / recent)
What is an official language?
This is a language that a nation legally recognizes as the language of the government.
What is Vulgar Latin?
Versions of Latin that mixed words from the local people (blend of common tongue and Latin)
What is the difference between a developing / vigorous language?
Developing (spoken by all in daily use and has a literary tradition, but not widely distributed) and Vigorous (spoken by all, but lacks literacy tradition)
What is a lingua franca?
A common language that is used in trade (English)
What is an isolated language and give an example.
Language that is unrelated to any other and therefore not attached to any language family (due to limited interaction with others) (Basque)
Two largest language families
Indo-European and Sino-Tibetan
What is the difference between the Nomadic Warrior Theory (Kurgan) and Sedentary Farmer Theory in terms of language?
Answers will vary
Describe the language situation in Switzerland.
4 Official languages (German, French, Italian, and Romansh).
What is a literary tradition?
Language that is written as well as spoken.
Explain a reawakening language.
Myaamia Language (teaching the language to the younger generation as their first language)
What is unique about the Icelandic language?
It is the least changed language in the Germanic branch in the past 1,000 years. Little interaction caused it remain unchanged unlike languages in Europe.
What is a Pidgin Language?
Form of speech that adopts a simplified grammar and limited vocabulary of a lingua franca (common among speakers of two different languages) (Swahili)
What makes a language an endangered language?
Children are not being taught the language (only the older generation speaks it regularly).
Why are languages becoming extinct at a rapid pace?
Due to globalization (people have to learn more common languages in order to be part of the global market)
Explain the language situation in Nigeria.
Over 500 languages (only 3 are spoken by 10% or more). Capital was moved due to issues with language.
What is an isogloss?
boundary that separates regions in which different language usages predominate.
Why is English a common official language in many nations around the world?
British Empire spread the language around the globe through colonialism.
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